Kurfe ko murfin waje shine mafi kariya daga waje a cikin tsarin kebul na gani, galibi an yi shi da kayan murfin PE da kayan murfin PVC, kuma ana amfani da kayan murfin da ba ya hana harshen wuta da kayan murfin lantarki masu jure bin diddigin su a lokatai na musamman.
1. Kayan rufin PE
PE shine taƙaitaccen bayanin polyethylene, wanda wani abu ne na polymer wanda aka samar ta hanyar polymerization na ethylene. Ana yin kayan murfin polyethylene baƙi ta hanyar haɗawa da granulated resin polyethylene tare da stabilizer, carbon black, antioxidant da plasticizer a wani rabo. Ana iya raba kayan murfin polyethylene don murfin kebul na gani zuwa polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), matsakaici-density polyethylene (MDPE) da high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bisa ga yawan. Saboda bambancin yawansu da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, suna da halaye daban-daban. Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa, wanda aka fi sani da polyethylene mai matsin lamba, an samar da shi ta hanyar haɗa ethylene a matsin lamba mai yawa (sama da yanayi 1500) a 200-300°C tare da iskar oxygen a matsayin mai haɓaka. Saboda haka, sarkar kwayoyin halitta na polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa ya ƙunshi rassan da yawa na tsayi daban-daban, tare da babban matakin reshe na sarka, tsari mara tsari, ƙarancin lu'ulu'u, da kyakkyawan sassauci da tsawo. Polyethylene mai yawan yawa, wanda aka fi sani da polyethylene mai ƙarancin matsi, ana samar da shi ta hanyar polymerization na ethylene a ƙarancin matsi (yanayi 1-5) da kuma 60-80°C tare da aluminum da titanium catalysts. Saboda kunkuntar rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta na polyethylene mai yawan yawa da kuma tsarin tsari na kwayoyin halitta, yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya, kyakkyawan juriya ga sinadarai da kuma kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi. Ana yin kayan polyethylene mai matsakaicin yawa ta hanyar haɗa polyethylene mai yawan yawa da polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa a cikin rabo mai dacewa, ko kuma ta hanyar polymerizing ethylene monomer da propylene (ko monomer na biyu na 1-butene). Saboda haka, aikin polyethylene mai matsakaicin yawa yana tsakanin na polyethylene mai yawan yawa da polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa, kuma yana da sassauci na polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalacewa da ƙarfin tursasawa na polyethylene mai yawan yawa. Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa ana polymerized ta hanyar yanayin iskar gas mai ƙarancin matsi ko hanyar mafita tare da monomer ethylene da 2-olefin. Matsayin reshe na polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa yana tsakanin ƙarancin yawa da babban yawa, don haka yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga fashewar damuwa ta muhalli. Juriyar Tsagewar Dan Adam a Muhalli wata muhimmiyar alama ce ta gano ingancin kayan PE. Yana nufin abin da ke faruwa da fashewar damuwa ta lankwasa a muhallin surfactant. Abubuwan da ke shafar fashewar damuwa ta kayan sun haɗa da: nauyin kwayoyin halitta, rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta, lu'ulu'u, da kuma tsarin sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, raguwar rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta, ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin wafers, mafi kyawun juriyar tsagewar damuwa ta muhalli na kayan, da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis na kayan; a lokaci guda, lu'ulu'u na kayan shi ma yana shafar wannan alamar. Ƙasan lu'ulu'u, mafi kyawun juriyar tsagewar damuwa ta muhalli na kayan. Ƙarfin juriya da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewar kayan PE wani alama ne don auna aikin kayan, kuma yana iya hasashen ƙarshen amfani da kayan. Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon a cikin kayan PE na iya tsayayya da lalata hasken ultraviolet akan kayan yadda ya kamata, kuma antioxidants na iya inganta halayen antioxidant na kayan yadda ya kamata.
2. Kayan murfin PVC
Kayan da ke hana harshen wuta na PVC ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin chlorine, waɗanda za su ƙone a cikin harshen wuta. Lokacin da yake ƙonewa, zai ruɓe ya kuma fitar da iskar HCL mai guba da guba, wanda zai haifar da lahani na biyu, amma zai kashe kansa lokacin da yake barin harshen wuta, don haka yana da halayyar rashin yaɗuwar harshen wuta; a lokaci guda, kayan murfin PVC yana da kyakkyawan sassauci da iya faɗaɗawa, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kebul na gani na cikin gida.
3. Kayan murfin hana harshen wuta mara halogen
Tunda polyvinyl chloride zai samar da iskar gas mai guba lokacin ƙonewa, mutane sun ƙirƙiri kayan murfin wuta mai ƙarancin hayaki, mara halogen, mara guba, mai tsabta, wato, ƙara masu hana harshen wuta marasa amfani Al(OH)3 da Mg(OH)2 zuwa kayan murfin wuta na yau da kullun, waɗanda za su fitar da ruwan lu'ulu'u lokacin da suka haɗu da wuta kuma su sha zafi mai yawa, ta haka ne za su hana zafin kayan murfin tashi da kuma hana ƙonewa. Tunda ana ƙara masu hana harshen wuta marasa amfani a cikin kayan murfin wuta marasa amfani da halogen, ƙarfin polymers zai ƙaru. A lokaci guda, resins da masu hana harshen wuta marasa amfani gaba ɗaya kayan aiki ne daban-daban na matakai biyu. Yayin sarrafawa, ya zama dole a hana haɗa masu hana harshen wuta marasa daidaito a gida. Ya kamata a ƙara masu hana harshen wuta marasa amfani a adadi mai dacewa. Idan rabon ya yi yawa, ƙarfin injiniya da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewar kayan zai ragu sosai. Alamun tantance halayen masu hana harshen wuta marasa amfani da halogen sune ma'aunin iskar oxygen da yawan hayaki. Ma'aunin iskar oxygen shine mafi ƙarancin yawan iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don kayan don kiyaye daidaiton ƙonewa a cikin iskar oxygen da nitrogen mai gauraya. Girman ma'aunin iskar oxygen, mafi kyawun halayen hana harshen wuta na kayan. Ana ƙididdige yawan hayakin ta hanyar auna watsa hasken layi ɗaya da ke ratsa hayakin da ƙonewar kayan ke haifarwa a wani sarari da tsawon hanyar gani. Da zarar yawan hayakin ya ragu, to ƙarancin fitar hayakin da kuma ingancin aikin kayan.
4. Kayan murfin da ke jure wa alamar lantarki
Akwai ƙarin kebul na gani mai tallafawa kafofin watsa labarai (ADSS) da ke kwance a cikin hasumiya ɗaya tare da layukan sama masu ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin sadarwa na wutar lantarki. Domin shawo kan tasirin filin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi akan murfin kebul, mutane sun ƙirƙiro kuma sun samar da sabon kayan murfin lantarki mai jure tabo, kayan murfin ta hanyar sarrafa abun ciki na baƙin carbon, girma da rarraba ƙwayoyin baƙar carbon, suna ƙara ƙarin abubuwa na musamman don sanya kayan murfin ya sami kyakkyawan aiki mai jure tabo na lantarki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-26-2024