Kayan Polyolefin, waɗanda aka san su da kyawawan halayen wutar lantarki, iya sarrafawa, da kuma aikin muhalli, sun zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan rufi da rufin da aka fi amfani da su a masana'antar waya da kebul.
Polyolefins polymers ne masu nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka haɗa daga monomers na olefin kamar ethylene, propylene, da butene. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kebul, marufi, gini, motoci, da masana'antar likitanci.
A fannin kera kebul, kayan polyolefin suna ba da ƙarancin dielectric constant, ingantaccen rufi, da kuma juriya ga sinadarai masu kyau, wanda ke tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da aminci na dogon lokaci. Halayensu marasa halogen da za a iya sake amfani da su suma sun dace da yanayin zamani a masana'antu masu kore da dorewa.
I. Rarrabawa ta Nau'in Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE) wani resin thermoplastic ne wanda aka polymered daga ethylene monomers kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin robobi da aka fi amfani da su a duniya. Dangane da yawansu da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, da XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa (LDPE)
Tsarin: An samar da shi ta hanyar polymerization mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi; ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi masu reshe da yawa, tare da lu'ulu'u na 55-65% da yawa na 0.91-0.93 g/cm³.
Halaye: Mai laushi, bayyananne, kuma mai jure wa tasiri amma yana da matsakaicin juriyar zafi (har zuwa kusan 80 °C).
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi azaman kayan ɓoye don sadarwa da kebul na sigina, yana daidaita sassauci da rufin.
(2) Polyethylene mai yawan yawa (HDPE)
Tsarin: An yi shi da polymer a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin matsin lamba tare da ƙwayoyin Ziegler-Natta masu haɓaka sinadarai; yana da ƙananan ko babu rassan, babban lu'ulu'u (80-95%), da kuma yawan 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Properties: Babban ƙarfi da tauri, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, amma ɗan rage tauri a yanayin zafi.
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi sosai don yadudduka masu rufi, hanyoyin sadarwa, da kuma murfin kebul na fiber optic, yana ba da kariya mai kyau daga yanayi da injiniya, musamman ga shigarwa a waje ko a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.
(3) Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa mai layi (LLDPE)
Tsarin: An haɗa shi da ethylene da α-olefin, tare da rassan sarka mai gajeru; yawa tsakanin 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Halaye: Yana haɗa sassauci da ƙarfi tare da juriya mai kyau ga huda.
Aikace-aikace: Ya dace da kayan rufewa da rufi a cikin ƙananan da matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da kebul na sarrafawa, yana haɓaka juriyar tasiri da lanƙwasawa.
(4)Polyethylene Mai Haɗin Kai (XLPE)
Tsarin: Hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin sinadarai ko na zahiri (silane, peroxide, ko electron-beam).
Kayayyaki: Kyakkyawan juriya ga zafi, ƙarfin injina, rufin lantarki, da kuma sauƙin yanayi.
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaici da babban ƙarfin lantarki, sabbin kebul na makamashi, da igiyoyin wayar mota - wani babban kayan rufin asiri a cikin kera kebul na zamani.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), wanda aka yi polymer daga propylene, yana da yawa daga 0.89–0.92 g/cm³, wurin narkewa na 164–176 °C, da kuma kewayon zafin aiki na –30 °C zuwa 140 °C.
Kayayyaki: Mai sauƙi, ƙarfin injina mai yawa, juriyar sinadarai mai kyau, da kuma ingantaccen rufin lantarki.
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da su musamman a matsayin kayan kariya marasa halogen a cikin kebul. Tare da ƙaruwar himma kan kare muhalli, polypropylene mai haɗin gwiwa (XLPP) da copolymer PP da aka gyara suna ƙara maye gurbin polyethylene na gargajiya a cikin tsarin kebul mai zafi da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, kamar layin dogo, wutar lantarki ta iska, da kebul na abin hawa na lantarki.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene ya ƙunshi Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) da Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Properties: Kyakkyawan juriya ga zafi, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, da juriya ga rarrafe.
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da PB-1 a cikin bututu, fina-finai, da marufi, yayin da ake amfani da PIB sosai a cikin kera kebul a matsayin gel mai toshe ruwa, mai rufewa, da kuma mahaɗin cikawa saboda rashin shigar iskar gas da rashin shigar sinadarai - wanda aka fi amfani da shi a cikin kebul na fiber optic don rufewa da kariyar danshi.
II. Sauran Kayan Polyolefin da Aka Fi Sani
(1) Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
EVA tana haɗa ethylene da vinyl acetate, tana da sassauci da juriya ga sanyi (tana kiyaye sassauci a -50 °C).
Halaye: Mai laushi, mai jure wa tasiri, ba mai guba ba, kuma mai jure tsufa.
Aikace-aikace: A cikin kebul, ana amfani da EVA sau da yawa azaman mai gyara sassauci ko resin ɗaukar kaya a cikin tsarin Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), yana inganta daidaiton sarrafawa da sassauci na kayan rufi da murfin da ba su da illa ga muhalli.
(2) Polyethylene mai nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai matuƙar yawa (UHMWPE)
Tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta sama da miliyan 1.5, UHMWPE wani babban robobi ne na injiniya.
Halaye: Mafi girman juriyar lalacewa tsakanin robobi, ƙarfin tasiri ya ninka sau biyar fiye da ABS, kyakkyawan juriya ga sinadarai, da ƙarancin sha danshi.
Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da shi a cikin kebul na gani da kebul na musamman azaman murfin lalacewa ko shafi don abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi, yana ƙara juriya ga lalacewar injiniya da gogewa.
III. Kammalawa
Kayan Polyolefin ba su da halogen, ba su da hayaƙi sosai, kuma ba sa da guba idan an ƙone su. Suna samar da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na lantarki, na inji, da sarrafawa, kuma ana iya ƙara inganta aikinsu ta hanyar dasawa, haɗawa, da haɗa hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa.
Tare da haɗakar aminci, aminci ga muhalli, da ingantaccen aiki, kayan polyolefin sun zama babban tsarin kayan aiki a masana'antar waya da kebul ta zamani. Idan aka duba gaba, yayin da sassan kamar sabbin motocin makamashi, na'urorin daukar hoto, da sadarwa ta bayanai ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, sabbin abubuwa a aikace-aikacen polyolefin za su ƙara haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar kebul mai inganci da dorewa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-17-2025