Zaɓar Kayan Haɗakar Kebul Mai Dacewa: Nau'i da Jagorar Zaɓi

Kurmin kebul (wanda kuma aka sani da murfin waje ko murfin waje) shine mafi girman matakin kebul, kebul na gani, ko waya, a matsayin mafi mahimmancin shinge a cikin kebul don kare lafiyar tsarin ciki, yana kare kebul daga zafi na waje, sanyi, danshi, ultraviolet, ozone, ko lalacewar sinadarai da na inji yayin shigarwa da kuma bayan shigarwa. Kurmin kebul ba a yi nufin maye gurbin ƙarfafawa a cikin kebul ba, amma kuma suna iya samar da kariya mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, murfin kebul kuma zai iya gyara siffa da siffar mai jagora da aka makale, da kuma layin kariya (idan akwai), ta haka rage tsangwama ga jituwar lantarki ta kebul (EMC). Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da watsa wutar lantarki, sigina, ko bayanai a cikin kebul ko waya akai-akai. Kurmin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dorewar kebul da wayoyi na gani.

Akwai nau'ikan kayan murfin kebul da yawa, kayan murfin kebul da ake amfani da su sune -Polyethylene mai haɗin gwiwa (XLPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene propylene mai fluorinated (FEP), resin perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) da kumapolyvinyl chloride (PVC), Kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban na aiki.

Zaɓar kayan da ake buƙata don ɗaure kebul dole ne ya fara la'akari da daidaitawa da muhalli da kuma dacewa da amfani da masu haɗawa. Misali, yanayin sanyi mai tsanani na iya buƙatar ɗaure kebul wanda zai kasance mai sassauƙa a yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi. Zaɓar kayan ɗaure kebul da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don tantance mafi kyawun kebul na gani don kowane aikace-aikace. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci ainihin dalilin da ya sa kebul ko waya dole ne ta cika da kuma waɗanne buƙatu dole ne ta cika. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi don rufe kebul. An yi shi da resin polyvinyl chloride, yana ƙara mai daidaita, mai plasticizer, abubuwan cikawa marasa tsari kamar calcium carbonate, ƙarin abubuwa da mai, da sauransu, ta hanyar haɗawa da murɗawa da fitarwa. Yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri, na inji da na lantarki, yayin da yake da kyakkyawan juriya ga yanayi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, yana iya inganta aikinsa ta hanyar ƙara wasu ƙarin abubuwa, kamar mai hana harshen wuta, juriya ga zafi da sauransu.

Hanyar samar da murfin kebul na PVC ita ce a ƙara barbashin PVC a cikin mai fitarwa sannan a fitar da su a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu.

Fa'idodin jaket ɗin kebul na PVC suna da arha, sauƙin sarrafawa da shigarwa, da kuma aikace-aikace iri-iri. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi a cikin kebul masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kebul na sadarwa, wayoyin gini da sauran fannoni. Duk da haka, juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, juriyar sanyi, juriyar UV da sauran kaddarorin murfin kebul na PVC suna da rauni kaɗan, suna ɗauke da abubuwa masu cutarwa ga muhalli da jikin ɗan adam, kuma akwai matsaloli da yawa idan aka yi amfani da su a wurare na musamman. Tare da haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli da inganta buƙatun aikin kayan aiki, an gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma ga kayan PVC. Saboda haka, a wasu fannoni na musamman, kamar su jiragen sama, sararin samaniya, makamashin nukiliya da sauran fannoni, ana amfani da murfin kebul na PVC a hankali. Polyethylene (PE)abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi wajen rufe kebul. Yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, kuma yana da juriyar zafi, juriyar sanyi da kuma juriyar yanayi. Ana iya inganta murfin kebul na PE ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin abubuwa, kamar antioxidants, masu sha UV, da sauransu.

Hanyar samar da murfin kebul na PE yayi kama da na PVC, kuma ana ƙara ƙwayoyin PE a cikin mai fitarwa sannan a fitar da su a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu.

Sheath ɗin kebul na PE yana da fa'idodin juriyar tsufa mai kyau ga muhalli da juriyar UV, yayin da farashin yake ƙasa da haka, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kebul na gani, kebul na ƙarancin wutar lantarki, kebul na sadarwa, kebul na haƙar ma'adinai da sauran fannoni. Polyethylene mai haɗin giciye (XLPE) abu ne na sheath ɗin kebul wanda ke da manyan halayen lantarki da na inji. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar kayan polyethylene masu haɗin giciye a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Haɗakar haɗin giciye na iya sa kayan polyethylene su zama tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku, wanda ke sa ya sami ƙarfi mai yawa da juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa. Ana amfani da sheath ɗin kebul na XLPE sosai a fagen kebul na manyan ƙarfin lantarki, kamar layukan watsawa, tashoshin ƙasa, da sauransu. Yana da kyawawan halayen lantarki, ƙarfin injiniya da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriyar zafi da juriyar yanayi.

Polyurethane (PUR)yana nufin ƙungiyar robobi da aka haɓaka a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar wani tsari na sinadarai da ake kira ƙara polymerization. Yawancin lokaci kayan da ake amfani da su shine man fetur, amma ana iya amfani da kayan shuka kamar dankali, masara ko beets na sukari wajen samar da su. PUR kayan rufin kebul ne da aka saba amfani da shi. Kayan elastomer ne mai matuƙar juriyar lalacewa, juriyar tsufa, juriyar mai da juriyar acid da alkali, yayin da yake da kyakkyawan ƙarfin injiniya da kuma kaddarorin dawo da roba. Ana iya inganta murfin kebul na PUR ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin abubuwa daban-daban, kamar abubuwan hana harshen wuta, wakilai masu jure zafin jiki mai yawa, da sauransu.

Hanyar samar da murfin kebul na PUR ita ce a ƙara barbashi na PUR a cikin na'urar fitarwa sannan a fitar da su a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu. Polyurethane yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya.

Kayan yana da kyakkyawan juriyar lalacewa, juriyar yankewa da juriyar tsagewa, kuma yana da matuƙar sassauci ko da a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Wannan ya sa PUR ta dace musamman ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar motsi mai ƙarfi da buƙatun lanƙwasawa, kamar sarƙoƙi masu jan hankali. A aikace-aikacen robotic, kebul masu ɗauke da murfin PUR na iya jure wa miliyoyin zagayowar lanƙwasa ko ƙarfin juyawa mai ƙarfi ba tare da matsala ba. PUR kuma yana da ƙarfi juriya ga mai, abubuwan narkewa da hasken ultraviolet. Bugu da ƙari, ya danganta da abun da ke cikin kayan, ba shi da halogen kuma yana hana harshen wuta, waɗanda muhimman sharuɗɗa ne ga kebul waɗanda aka ba da takardar shaidar UL kuma ana amfani da su a Amurka. Ana amfani da kebul na PUR sosai a cikin ginin injina da masana'antu, sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, da masana'antar kera motoci.

Duk da cewa murfin kebul na PUR yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri, na inji da na sinadarai, farashinsa yana da tsada kuma bai dace da lokutan samar da kayayyaki masu rahusa ba. Elastomer mai amfani da thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen rufe kebul. Ba kamar polyurethane elastomer (PUR) ba, TPU abu ne mai thermoplastic wanda ke da kyakkyawan ikon sarrafawa da kuma ƙarfin aiki.

Bakin kebul na TPU yana da juriya mai kyau ga lalacewa, juriya ga mai, juriya ga acid da alkali da kuma juriya ga yanayi, kuma yana da ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau da kuma aikin dawo da roba, wanda zai iya daidaitawa da yanayin motsi na injiniya mai rikitarwa da girgiza.

Ana yin murfin kebul na TPU ta hanyar ƙara ƙwayoyin TPU a cikin wani abu mai fitar da iska da kuma fitar da su a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu.

Ana amfani da murfin kebul na TPU sosai a fannin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, kayan aikin injina, tsarin sarrafa motsi, robot da sauran fannoni, da kuma motoci, jiragen ruwa da sauran fannoni. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalacewa da kuma aikin dawo da roba, yana iya kare kebul yadda ya kamata, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma ƙarancin juriya ga zafin jiki.

Idan aka kwatanta da PUR, rufin kebul na TPU yana da fa'idar ingantaccen aikin sarrafawa da kuma ƙarfin lantarki, wanda zai iya daidaitawa da ƙarin buƙatun girman kebul da siffarsa. Duk da haka, farashin rufin kebul na TPU yana da tsada sosai, kuma bai dace da lokutan samarwa masu araha ba.

Roba ta silicone (PU)Kayan rufin kebul ne da aka saba amfani da shi. Kayan polymer ne na halitta, wanda ke nufin babban sarkar da aka haɗa da atom ɗin silicon da iskar oxygen a madadin haka, kuma atom ɗin silicon yawanci yana haɗuwa da ƙungiyoyi biyu na roba na halitta. Robar silicone ta yau da kullun galibi tana ƙunshe da sarƙoƙi na silicone waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin methyl da ƙaramin adadin vinyl. Gabatar da rukunin phenyl na iya inganta juriya mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin zafin jiki na robar silicone, kuma gabatar da rukunin trifluoropropyl da cyanide na iya inganta juriyar zafin jiki da juriyar mai na robar silicone. PU yana da juriya mai kyau a yanayin zafi, juriyar sanyi da juriyar iskar shaka, kuma yana da kyawawan laushi da kaddarorin dawo da roba. Sheafar kebul na silicone na iya inganta aikinsa ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin abubuwa daban-daban, kamar wakilai masu jure lalacewa, wakilai masu jure wa mai, da sauransu.

Hanyar samar da murfin kebul na silicone shine a ƙara cakuda robar silicone a cikin na'urar fitarwa sannan a fitar da ita a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu. Ana amfani da murfin kebul na silicone sosai a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa, buƙatun juriya ga yanayi, kamar sararin samaniya, tashoshin wutar lantarki na nukiliya, sinadarai na petrochemical, sojoji da sauran fannoni.

Yana da juriya mai kyau ga yanayin zafi da kuma juriya ga iskar shaka, yana iya aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi mai yawa, matsin lamba mai yawa, yanayin tsatsa mai ƙarfi, amma kuma yana da ƙarfin injina mai kyau da kuma aikin dawo da roba, yana iya daidaitawa da yanayin motsi na injiniya mai rikitarwa da girgiza.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan rufe kebul, murfin kebul na silicone yana da juriya ga yanayin zafi da juriya ga iskar shaka, amma kuma yana da laushi mai kyau da kuma aikin dawo da roba, wanda ya dace da yanayin aiki mai rikitarwa. Duk da haka, farashin murfin kebul na silicone yana da tsada sosai, kuma bai dace da lokutan samarwa masu rahusa ba. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi wajen ɓoye kebul, wanda kuma aka sani da polytetrafluoroethylene. Abu ne na polymer wanda ke da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma juriya ga sinadarai, kuma yana iya aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi mai tsanani, matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma yanayin tsatsa mai ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, robobi masu ɗauke da fluorine suna da kyawawan halaye na hana harshen wuta da juriya ga lalacewa.

Hanyar samar da murfin kebul na filastik na fluorine ita ce a ƙara barbashin filastik na fluorine a cikin mai fitarwa sannan a fitar da su a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba don samar da murfin kebul na bututu.

Ana amfani da murfin kebul na filastik na fluorine sosai a fannin sararin samaniya, tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na nukiliya, sinadarai na petrochemical da sauran filayen da suka dace, da kuma semiconductors, sadarwa ta gani da sauran fannoni. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa da kuma juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, yana iya aiki da kyau a yanayin zafi mai yawa, matsin lamba mai yawa, da kuma yanayin tsatsa mai ƙarfi na dogon lokaci, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin injina da kuma aikin dawo da roba, yana iya daidaitawa da yanayin motsi na injiniya mai rikitarwa da girgiza.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan murfin kebul, murfin kebul na filastik na fluorine yana da juriyar tsatsa da kuma juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, wanda ya dace da yanayin aiki mai tsauri. Duk da haka, farashin murfin kebul na filastik na fluorine yana da tsada sosai, kuma bai dace da lokutan samar da kayayyaki masu rahusa ba.