A yau, bari in yi bayani dalla-dalla game da tsarin kebul na Ethernet na ruwa. A taƙaice dai, kebul na Ethernet na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi jagora, layin kariya, layin kariya, da murfin waje, yayin da kebul na sulke ke ƙara murfin ciki da layin sulke tsakanin murfin kariya da na waje. A bayyane yake, kebul na sulke ba wai kawai suna ba da ƙarin kariya ta injiniya ba har ma da ƙarin murfin ciki na kariya. Yanzu, bari mu bincika kowane ɓangare dalla-dalla.
1. Mai Gudanarwa: Babban Jigon Watsa Sigina
Masu sarrafa kebul na Ethernet suna zuwa da kayayyaki daban-daban, ciki har da jan ƙarfe da aka yi da kwano, jan ƙarfe da ba a yi da ba, wayar aluminum, aluminum da aka yi da jan ƙarfe, da ƙarfe da aka yi da jan ƙarfe. A cewar IEC 61156-5:2020, ya kamata kebul na Ethernet na ruwa su yi amfani da masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi waɗanda diamita tsakanin 0.4mm da 0.65mm. Yayin da buƙatun saurin watsawa da kwanciyar hankali ke ƙaruwa, ana kawar da masu sarrafa ƙananan na'urori kamar aluminum da aluminum da aka yi da jan ƙarfe, tare da jan ƙarfe da ba a yi da kwano yanzu suna mamaye kasuwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da jan ƙarfe mara komai, jan ƙarfe mai gwangwani yana ba da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya ga iskar shaka, lalata sinadarai, da danshi don kiyaye amincin kewaye.
Masu jagoranci suna zuwa cikin tsari guda biyu: mai ƙarfi da mai ɗaurewa. Masu jagoranci masu ƙarfi suna amfani da wayar jan ƙarfe guda ɗaya, yayin da masu jagoranci masu ɗaurewa suka ƙunshi wayoyi masu siriri da yawa na jan ƙarfe da aka murɗe tare. Babban bambancin yana cikin aikin watsawa - tunda manyan yankuna masu giciye suna rage asarar shigarwa, masu jagoranci masu ɗaurewa suna nuna raguwar kashi 20%-50% fiye da na daskararru. Gibin da ke tsakanin zare kuma yana ƙara juriyar DC.
Yawancin kebul na Ethernet suna amfani da ko dai masu jagoranci na 23AWG (0.57mm) ko 24AWG (0.51mm). Duk da cewa CAT5E yawanci yana amfani da 24AWG, manyan nau'ikan kamar CAT6/6A/7/7A galibi suna buƙatar 23AWG don ingantaccen aiki. Duk da haka, ƙa'idodin IEC ba sa buƙatar takamaiman ma'aunin waya - kebul na 24AWG da aka ƙera da kyau har yanzu suna iya cika ƙayyadaddun bayanai na CAT6+.
2. Tsarin Rufewa: Kare Ingancin Sigina
Tsarin rufin yana hana zubewar sigina yayin watsawa. Bisa ga ƙa'idodin IEC 60092-360 da GB/T 50311-2016, galibi ana amfani da kebul na ruwapolyethylene mai yawa (HDPE)ko kuma kumfapolyethylene (PE Kumfa)HDPE yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga yanayin zafi, ƙarfin injina, da juriyar tsagewa daga damuwa, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace sosai. PE mai kumfa yana ba da ingantattun kaddarorin dielectric, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da kebul na CAT6A+ mai sauri.
3. Mai Raba Giciye: Rage Sadarwar Sigina
An ƙera na'urar raba giciye (wanda kuma aka sani da cross filler) don raba nau'ikan biyu masu jujjuyawa guda huɗu zuwa sassa daban-daban, ta yadda za a rage takun magana tsakanin nau'i-nau'i. Yawanci an ƙera su ne daga kayan HDPE mai diamita na 0.5mm, wannan ɓangaren yana da mahimmanci ga kebul na Nau'i na 6 da manyan igiyoyi waɗanda ke aika bayanai a 1Gbps ko sauri, saboda waɗannan igiyoyin suna nuna ƙarin jin daɗin hayaniyar sigina kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin juriya ga tsangwama. Saboda haka, kebul na Nau'i na 6 da sama ba tare da kariya daga foil guda ɗaya ba suna haɗa masu cika giciye don ware nau'ikan biyu masu jujjuyawa guda huɗu.
Sabanin haka, kebul na Category 5e da waɗanda ke amfani da ƙirar foil mai kariya biyu ba sa cire filler ɗin giciye. Tsarin igiyoyin Cat5e masu karkacewa da juna yana ba da isasshen kariya ga tsangwama ga buƙatun bandwidth ɗinsu masu iyaka, yana kawar da buƙatar ƙarin rabuwa. Hakazalika, igiyoyi masu kariya daga foil suna amfani da ikon da ke cikin foil ɗin aluminum don toshe tsangwama ta lantarki mai yawan mita, wanda hakan ke sa filler ɗin giciye ya zama ba dole ba.
Memba mai ƙarfin taurin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana tsawaita kebul wanda zai iya kawo cikas ga aiki. Manyan masana'antun kebul na fiberglass ko nailan galibi suna amfani da fiberglass ko nailan a matsayin abin ƙarfafa taurin a cikin ginin kebul ɗinsu. Waɗannan kayan suna ba da kariya mafi kyau ta injiniya yayin da suke kula da halayen watsa kebul.
4. Tsarin Kariya: Kariyar Wutar Lantarki
Layukan kariya sun ƙunshi foil ɗin aluminum da/ko raga mai kauri don toshe EMI. Kebul ɗin kariya guda ɗaya suna amfani da Layer ɗin foil ɗin aluminum guda ɗaya (kauri ≥0.012mm tare da ≥20% haɗuwa) tare da Layer ɗin PET mylar don hana zubewar iska. Sigogi masu kauri biyu suna zuwa cikin nau'i biyu: SF/UTP (foil ɗin gaba ɗaya + braid) da S/FTP (foil ɗin mutum ɗaya + braid ɗin gaba ɗaya). Kifin jan ƙarfe mai gwangwani (diamita ≥0.5mm) yana ba da kariya ta musamman (yawanci 45%, 65%, ko 80%). Dangane da IEC 60092-350, kebul ɗin ruwa mai kauri ɗaya yana buƙatar waya mai magudanar ruwa don yin ƙasa, yayin da nau'ikan da aka kauri biyu suna amfani da kifin don fitar da iska mai ƙarfi.
5. Tsarin Sulke: Kariyar Inji
Tsarin sulke yana ƙara juriyar tauri/murkushewa kuma yana inganta kariyar EMI. Kebul ɗin ruwa galibi suna amfani da sulke mai kitso kamar yadda ISO 7959-2 ya tanada, tare da wayar ƙarfe mai galvanized (GSWB) wacce ke ba da ƙarfi da juriyar zafi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar aiki, yayin da wayar jan ƙarfe mai gwangwani (TCWB) ke ba da sassauci mafi kyau ga wurare masu matsewa.
6. Kurfe na Waje: Kariyar Muhalli
Dole ne murfin waje ya kasance mai santsi, mai ma'ana, kuma ana iya cirewa ba tare da lalata layukan da ke ƙasa ba. Ma'aunin DNV yana buƙatar kauri (Dt) ya zama 0.04 × Df (diamita na ciki) +0.5mm, tare da mafi ƙarancin 0.7mm. Ana amfani da kebul na ruwa galibi.LSZH (ƙananan hayaƙi sifirin halogen)kayan aiki (maki na SHF1/SHF2/SHF2 MUD bisa ga IEC 60092-360) waɗanda ke rage hayaki mai guba yayin gobara.
Kammalawa
Kowace layi na kebul na Ethernet na teku yana ƙunshe da injiniya mai kyau. A OW CABLE, mun himmatu wajen haɓaka fasahar kebul - ku tattauna takamaiman buƙatunku tare da mu!
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-25-2025