A yau, bari in bayyana cikakken tsarin igiyoyin Ethernet na ruwa. A taƙaice, madaidaitan igiyoyin Ethernet sun ƙunshi madugu, rufin rufi, rufin garkuwa, da kwasfa na waje, yayin da igiyoyi masu sulke suna ƙara kwasfa na ciki da rigar sulke a tsakanin garkuwa da kwasfa na waje. A bayyane yake, igiyoyi masu sulke suna ba da ƙarin kariya ba kawai na inji ba har ma da ƙarin kumfa na ciki. Yanzu, bari mu bincika kowane bangare daki-daki.
1. Mai Gudanarwa: Babban Mahimmancin watsa siginar
Masu gudanar da kebul na Ethernet suna zuwa da abubuwa daban-daban da suka haɗa da jan ƙarfe da aka dasa, da jan ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, waya ta aluminium, aluminum mai ƙarfe da tagulla, da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe. Dangane da IEC 61156-5: 2020, igiyoyin Ethernet na ruwa ya kamata su yi amfani da ingantattun na'urorin jan ƙarfe da aka rufe tare da diamita tsakanin 0.4mm da 0.65mm. Yayin da buƙatun haɓaka saurin watsawa da kwanciyar hankali ke ƙaruwa, ƙananan masu jagoranci kamar aluminium da aluminium mai sanye da tagulla ana kawar da su, tare da jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe mara ƙarfe a yanzu suna mamaye kasuwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da tagulla maras tushe, jan ƙarfe na tinned yana ba da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya da iskar oxygen, lalata sinadarai, da zafi don kiyaye amincin kewaye.
Masu gudanarwa sun zo cikin tsari guda biyu: m da kuma makale. Ƙaƙƙarfan madugu suna amfani da waya ta jan ƙarfe guda ɗaya, yayin da masu ɗaurin gindin sun ƙunshi wayoyi masu sirara da yawa waɗanda aka murɗa tare. Bambanci mai mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne a cikin aikin watsawa - tun da manyan wuraren giciye suna rage asarar sakawa, masu da'ira suna nuna 20% -50% mafi girma fiye da masu ƙarfi. Matsalolin da ke tsakanin igiyoyi kuma suna ƙara juriya na DC.
Yawancin igiyoyin Ethernet suna amfani da ko dai 23AWG (0.57mm) ko 24AWG (0.51mm). Duk da yake CAT5E yawanci yana amfani da 24AWG, manyan nau'ikan kamar CAT6/6A/7/7A galibi suna buƙatar 23AWG don ingantaccen aiki. Koyaya, ƙa'idodin IEC ba su ba da umarnin takamaiman ma'aunin waya ba - keɓaɓɓen igiyoyin 24AWG da aka kera da kyau har yanzu suna iya saduwa da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na CAT6+.
2. Layer Layer: Kare Mutuncin Siginar
Layin rufi yana hana zubar sigina yayin watsawa. Dangane da ka'idodin IEC 60092-360 da GB/T 50311-2016, igiyoyin ruwa galibi suna amfani da su.polyethylene mai girma (HDPE)ko kumfapolyethylene (PE Foam). HDPE yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya na zafin jiki, ƙarfin injina, da juriya mai tsauri na muhalli, yana sa ya zama mai amfani sosai. Foamed PE yana ba da mafi kyawun kaddarorin dielectric, yana mai da shi manufa don manyan igiyoyin CAT6A + masu sauri.
3. Mai Rarraba Giciye: Rage Siginar Crosstalk
Mai raba giciye (wanda kuma aka sani da giciye filler) an ƙera shi don raba nau'i-nau'i masu murɗaɗɗen nau'i-nau'i a zahiri zuwa maɓalli daban-daban, yadda ya kamata yana rage yawan magana tsakanin ma'aurata. Yawanci an gina shi daga kayan HDPE tare da daidaitaccen diamita na 0.5mm, wannan ɓangaren yana da mahimmanci ga Category 6 da igiyoyi masu girma waɗanda ke watsa bayanai a 1Gbps ko sauri, kamar yadda waɗannan igiyoyi ke nuna mafi girman hankali ga ƙarar sigina kuma suna buƙatar haɓaka juriya na tsangwama. Sakamakon haka, nau'ikan igiyoyi na 6 da na sama ba tare da garkuwar tsare-tsare guda biyu ba a duk duniya suna haɗa abubuwan cika giciye don keɓe nau'i-nau'i masu murdaɗi.
Sabanin haka, igiyoyi na Category 5e da waɗanda ke amfani da ƙirar tsare-tsare masu garkuwa biyu suna barin abin giciye. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nau'i-nau'i na igiyoyi na Cat5e suna ba da cikakkiyar kariya ta tsangwama don ƙarin ƙayyadaddun buƙatun bandwidth, kawar da buƙatar ƙarin rabuwa. Hakazalika, igiyoyi tare da nau'i-nau'i masu garkuwa da tsare-tsare suna amfani da iyawar da ke tattare da foil na aluminum don toshe tsangwama mai mitar lantarki, yana mai da filar giciye ba dole ba.
Memba mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana haɓakar kebul wanda zai iya lalata aiki. Manyan masana'antun kebul na masana'antu galibi suna amfani da ko dai fiberglass ko igiyar nailan azaman ɓangaren ƙarfafa ƙarfi a cikin ginin kebul ɗin su. Waɗannan kayan suna ba da kariya mafi kyau na inji yayin da ke riƙe da halayen watsa na USB.
4. Layer Garkuwa: Kariyar Electromagnetic
Yadudduka na garkuwa sun ƙunshi foil na aluminium da/ko ragar raga don toshe EMI. Kebul masu kariya guda ɗaya suna amfani da Layer foil na aluminum guda ɗaya (≥0.012mm lokacin farin ciki tare da ≥20% zoba) tare da Layer PET mylar don hana ɗigon ruwa na yanzu. Siffofin garkuwa biyu sun zo cikin nau'i biyu: SF/UTP (ƙaramar foil + braid) da S/FTP (ɓangarorin guda biyu + gabaɗayan ɗaki). Diamita na jan ƙarfe na tinned (≥0.5mm diamita na waya) yana ba da ɗaukar hoto na musamman (yawanci 45%, 65%, ko 80%). Dangane da IEC 60092-350, igiyoyin ruwa masu garkuwa guda ɗaya suna buƙatar waya mai magudanar ruwa don ƙasa, yayin da nau'ikan garkuwa biyu suna amfani da igiya don fitarwa a tsaye.
5. Armor Layer: Kariyar Makanikai
Layin sulke yana haɓaka juriya / murƙushewa kuma yana haɓaka garkuwar EMI. Kebul na ruwa da farko suna amfani da sulke na sulke ta ISO 7959-2, tare da galvanized karfe waya (GSWB) yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da juriya mai zafi don aikace-aikacen buƙatu, yayin da waya ta tagulla (TCWB) ta samar da mafi kyawun sassauci don matsatsun wurare.
6. Kunshin Waje: Garkuwan Muhalli
Dole ne kushin waje ya zama santsi, mai da hankali, kuma mai cirewa ba tare da lahani yadudduka ba. Matsayin DNV yana buƙatar kauri (Dt) don zama 0.04 × Df (diamita na ciki) +0.5mm, tare da mafi ƙarancin 0.7mm. Ana amfani da igiyoyin ruwa da farkoLSZH (ƙananan hayaki sifili-halogen)kayan (SHF1/SHF2/SHF2 MUD maki a kowace IEC 60092-360) waɗanda ke rage hayaki mai guba yayin gobara.
Kammalawa
Kowane Layer na igiyoyin Ethernet na ruwa yana kunshe da aikin injiniya a hankali. A OW CABLE, mun himmatu wajen haɓaka fasahar kebul - jin daɗin tattauna takamaiman bukatunku tare da mu!
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 25-2025