A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri, inda ta samu ci gaba mai yawa a fannin fasaha da gudanarwa. Nasarorin da aka samu kamar fasahar lantarki mai karfin gaske da fasahar zamani sun sanya kasar Sin a matsayin jagora a duniya. An samu babban ci gaba daga tsare-tsare ko zuwa gine-gine da kuma matakin gudanarwa da kulawa.
Yayin da masana'antun wutar lantarki, man fetur, sinadarai, sufuri na jiragen ƙasa na birane, motoci, da kuma gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasar Sin suka faɗaɗa cikin sauri, musamman tare da hanzarta sauya hanyar sadarwa, gabatar da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a jere, da kuma sauyin samar da waya da kebul a duniya zuwa yankin Asiya da Pasifik da ke kewaye da ƙasar Sin, kasuwar wayar tarho da kebul ta cikin gida ta faɗaɗa cikin sauri.
Bangaren kera waya da kebul ya zama mafi girma a cikin sassa sama da ashirin na masana'antar lantarki da lantarki, wanda ya kai kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ɓangaren.
I. Matakin Ci Gaban Balagagge na Masana'antar Waya da Kebul
Canje-canje a cikin ci gaban masana'antar kebul na China a cikin 'yan shekarun nan na nuna sauyawa daga lokacin ci gaba mai sauri zuwa lokacin da aka fara girma:
- Daidaita buƙatun kasuwa da raguwar ci gaban masana'antu, wanda ke haifar da yanayin daidaita dabarun masana'antu da hanyoyin aiki na yau da kullun, tare da ƙarancin fasahar da ke kawo cikas ko juyin juya hali.
– Tsauraran matakan kula da ƙa'idoji daga hukumomin da abin ya shafa, tare da mai da hankali kan inganta inganci da gina alama, yana haifar da kyawawan abubuwan ƙarfafawa a kasuwa.
– Haɗaɗɗen tasirin da ke tattare da manyan masana'antu na waje da na cikin gida ya sa kamfanoni masu bin ƙa'ida su ba da fifiko ga inganci da alamar kasuwanci, ta yadda za su nuna tattalin arziki a fannin.
– Bukatun shiga masana'antu, sarkakiyar fasaha, da kuma ƙarfin saka hannun jari sun ƙaru, wanda hakan ya haifar da bambance-bambance tsakanin kamfanoni. Tasirin Matthew ya bayyana a tsakanin manyan kamfanoni, tare da ƙaruwar adadin ƙananan kamfanoni da ke fita daga kasuwa da kuma raguwar sabbin shiga. Haɗakar masana'antu da sake fasalin kamfanoni suna ƙara zama abin aiki.
– A bisa ga bayanai da aka bi diddigi aka kuma yi nazari a kansu, kason kudaden shigar da kamfanonin da aka lissafa a cikin kebul a masana'antar gabaɗaya ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa kowace shekara.
– A fannoni na musamman na masana'antu masu dacewa da matakin tsakiya, shugabannin masana'antu ba wai kawai suna fuskantar ingantaccen tsarin kasuwa ba, har ma da ƙarfin gasa a ƙasashen duniya.
II. Sauye-sauye a Canje-canjen Ci gaba
Ƙarfin Kasuwa
A shekarar 2022, jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki a kasar ya kai kilowatt-hours biliyan 863.72, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar kashi 3.6% na shekara-shekara.
Rushewa ta hanyar masana'antu:
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a manyan masana'antu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 114.6, sama da kashi 10.4%.
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a masana'antu na biyu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 57,001, sama da kashi 1.2%.
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a manyan masana'antu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 14,859, sama da kashi 4.4%.
– Yawan wutar lantarki da mazauna birane da karkara ke amfani da shi: kilowatt-hours biliyan 13,366, wanda ya karu da kashi 13.8%.
Zuwa ƙarshen Disamba 2022, jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka shigar a ƙasar ya kai kimanin kilowatts biliyan 2.56, wanda hakan ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 7.8% na shekara-shekara.
A shekarar 2022, jimillar karfin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da aka sanya ya wuce kilowatts biliyan 1.2, inda samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, wutar iska, wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, da kuma wutar lantarki ta biomass duk suka kasance a sahun gaba a duniya.
Musamman ma, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta iska ya kai kimanin kilowatts miliyan 370, wanda ya karu da kashi 11.2% a kowace shekara, yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ya kai kimanin kilowatts miliyan 390, wanda ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 28.1% a shekara.
Ƙarfin Kasuwa
A shekarar 2022, jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki a kasar ya kai kilowatt-hours biliyan 863.72, wanda ke wakiltar karuwar kashi 3.6% na shekara-shekara.
Rushewa ta hanyar masana'antu:
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a manyan masana'antu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 114.6, sama da kashi 10.4%.
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a masana'antu na biyu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 57,001, sama da kashi 1.2%.
– Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a manyan masana'antu: kilowatt-hours biliyan 14,859, sama da kashi 4.4%.
– Yawan wutar lantarki da mazauna birane da karkara ke amfani da shi: kilowatt-hours biliyan 13,366, wanda ya karu da kashi 13.8%.
Zuwa ƙarshen Disamba 2022, jimillar ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka shigar a ƙasar ya kai kimanin kilowatts biliyan 2.56, wanda hakan ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 7.8% na shekara-shekara.
A shekarar 2022, jimillar karfin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da aka sanya ya wuce kilowatts biliyan 1.2, inda samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa, wutar iska, wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, da kuma wutar lantarki ta biomass duk suka kasance a sahun gaba a duniya.
Musamman ma, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta iska ya kai kimanin kilowatts miliyan 370, wanda ya karu da kashi 11.2% a kowace shekara, yayin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ya kai kimanin kilowatts miliyan 390, wanda ya nuna ƙaruwar kashi 28.1% a shekara.
Matsayin Zuba Jari
A shekarar 2022, jarin da aka zuba a ayyukan gina layin wutar lantarki ya kai yuan biliyan 501.2, karuwar kashi 2.0% a shekara bayan shekara.
Manyan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki a fadin kasar sun kammala zuba jari a ayyukan injiniyan wutar lantarki da jimillar kudin Yuan biliyan 720.8, wanda ke nuna karuwar kashi 22.8% a shekara bayan shekara, daga cikin wadannan, jarin wutar lantarki na ruwa ya kai yuan biliyan 86.3, wanda ya ragu da kashi 26.5% a shekara bayan shekara; jarin wutar lantarki na zafi ya kai yuan biliyan 90.9, wanda ya karu da kashi 28.4% a shekara bayan shekara; jarin makamashin nukiliya ya kai yuan biliyan 67.7, wanda ya karu da kashi 25.7% a shekara bayan shekara.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bisa ga shirin "Belt and Road", kasar Sin ta fadada jarinta a fannin wutar lantarki a Afirka, wanda hakan ya haifar da fadada hadin gwiwar Sin da Afirka da kuma bullar sabbin damammaki da ba a taba ganin irinsu ba. Duk da haka, wadannan shirye-shiryen sun hada da batutuwan siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, wanda hakan ke haifar da manyan hadurra daga bangarori daban-daban.
Hasashen Kasuwa
A halin yanzu, sassan da suka dace sun fitar da wasu manufofi na "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14" a fannin samar da makamashi da wutar lantarki, da kuma shirin aiwatar da makamashi mai wayo na "Internet+". An kuma gabatar da umarni don haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa masu wayo da tsare-tsare don sauya hanyar sadarwa ta rarrabawa.
Tushen tattalin arziki mai kyau na dogon lokaci na kasar Sin ba ya canzawa, wanda ya ƙunshi juriyar tattalin arziki, babban ƙarfin gwiwa, isasshen sararin sarrafawa, ci gaba da tallafawa ci gaba, da kuma ci gaba da inganta gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki.
Nan da shekarar 2023, ana hasashen cewa karfin samar da wutar lantarki da aka sanya a kasar Sin zai kai kilowatt biliyan 2.55, wanda zai karu zuwa kilowatt biliyan 2.8 a cikin sa'o'i 2025.
Bincike ya nuna cewa masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karuwar masana'antu sosai. A karkashin tasirin sabbin fasahohin zamani kamar 5G da Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), masana'antar wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta shiga wani sabon mataki na sauyi da haɓakawa.
Kalubalen Ci Gaba
Yanayin ci gaba daban-daban na kasar Sin a cikin sabuwar masana'antar makamashi a bayyane yake, inda tushen wutar lantarki ta iska da kuma hasken rana suka bazu zuwa ga ajiyar makamashi, makamashin hydrogen, da sauran fannoni, wanda hakan ya haifar da tsarin hada makamashi da yawa. Ba a cika samun babban ci gaba a fannin gina wutar lantarki ta ruwa ba, musamman ma a kan tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da ake amfani da famfo, yayin da gina hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a fadin kasar ke fuskantar sabon ci gaba.
Ci gaban wutar lantarki a China ya shiga wani muhimmin lokaci na sauya hanyoyin aiki, daidaita tsare-tsare, da kuma sauya hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. Duk da cewa cikakken gyaran wutar lantarki ya samu ci gaba mai yawa, matakin da ke tafe na gyare-gyare zai fuskanci ƙalubale masu girma da kuma manyan cikas.
Tare da saurin haɓaka wutar lantarki a China da kuma ci gaba da sauye-sauye da haɓakawa, faɗaɗa babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, ƙaruwar matakan wutar lantarki, ƙaruwar adadin na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi da manyan sigogi, da kuma haɗakar sabbin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar samar da wutar lantarki duk suna haifar da tsarin wutar lantarki mai rikitarwa da halayen aiki.
Musamman ma, ƙaruwar haɗarin da ba na gargajiya ba da amfani da sabbin fasahohi kamar fasahar sadarwa ke haifarwa ya ƙara buƙatu masu yawa ga ƙarfin tallafawa tsarin, ƙarfin canja wuri, da kuma ƙarfin daidaitawa, wanda hakan ke kawo ƙalubale masu yawa ga ingantaccen aikin tsarin wutar lantarki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-01-2023