A fannin injiniyan wutar lantarki da kuma shigar da kayan aiki na masana'antu, zaɓar nau'in "kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa" ko "kebul mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki" mara kyau na iya haifar da gazawar kayan aiki, katsewar wutar lantarki, da dakatarwar samarwa, ko ma haɗurra na aminci a cikin mawuyacin hali. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa suna da fahimtar bambance-bambancen tsari tsakanin su biyun kuma galibi suna zaɓar bisa ga ƙwarewa ko la'akari da "tsabar kuɗi", wanda ke haifar da kurakurai akai-akai. Zaɓin kebul mara kyau ba wai kawai yana haifar da matsala ga kayan aiki ba har ma yana haifar da haɗarin aminci. A yau, bari mu tattauna manyan bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu da manyan "matsaloli" guda uku da dole ne ku guje wa yayin zaɓe.
1. Binciken Tsarin: Kebul ɗin Wutar Lantarki Mai Girma da Ƙananan Wutar Lantarki
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin, "Kebulan wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi kawai ƙananan wutar lantarki ne masu kauri," amma a zahiri, ƙirar tsarin su tana da bambance-bambance na asali, kuma kowane Layer an daidaita shi daidai da matakin wutar lantarki. Don fahimtar bambance-bambancen, fara da ma'anar "babban wutar lantarki" da "babban wutar lantarki":
Kebul masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki: Ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ≤ 1 kV (yawanci 0.6/1 kV), galibi ana amfani da shi don rarrabawa gine-gine da ƙananan samar da wutar lantarki;
Kebulan wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙima ≥ 1 kV (yawanci 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), ana amfani da shi don watsa wutar lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki, da manyan kayan aikin masana'antu.
(1) Mai Gudanarwa: Ba "Mafi Kauri" ba amma "Tsarkaka tana da Muhimmanci"
Ana yin ƙananan na'urorin sarrafa kebul na lantarki da yawa da wayoyi masu kyau na jan ƙarfe (misali, zare 19 a cikin wayoyi na BV), galibi don biyan buƙatun "ikon ɗaukar wutar lantarki";
Masu sarrafa kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki, kodayake suna da tagulla ko aluminum, suna da tsarki mafi girma (≥99.95%) kuma suna ɗaukar tsarin "ƙanƙantar da zaren zagaye" (rage gurɓatattun abubuwa) don rage juriyar saman mai sarrafawa da rage "tasirin fata" a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki (hawa yana mai da hankali kan saman mai sarrafawa, yana haifar da dumama).
(2) Layer na Rufewa: Tushen Kebul ɗin Babban Wutar Lantarki na "Kariyar Launuka Da Yawa"
Layukan rufin kebul masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki suna da sirara (misali, kauri na rufin kebul na 0.6/1 kV ~ 3.4 mm), galibi PVC koXLPE, galibi yana aiki ne don "keɓe madubin jagora daga waje";
Layukan rufin kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki sun fi kauri (kebul 6 kV ~10 mm, 110 kV har zuwa 20 mm) kuma dole ne su wuce gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri kamar "ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juriya ga mitar wutar lantarki" da "ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juriya ga walƙiya." Mafi mahimmanci, kebul masu ƙarfi suna ƙara tef ɗin toshe ruwa da layukan semi-conductive a cikin rufin:
Tef ɗin da ke toshe ruwa: Yana hana shigar ruwa (danshi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa na iya haifar da "rashin ruwa," wanda ke haifar da lalacewar rufin);
Layer mai sarrafa wutar lantarki: Yana tabbatar da rarraba filin lantarki iri ɗaya (yana hana yawan filin da ke cikinsa, wanda zai iya haifar da fitar da ruwa).
Bayanai: Tsarin rufin yana da alhakin kashi 40%-50% na kuɗin kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa (kashi 15%-20% kawai ga ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki), wanda shine babban dalilin da yasa kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa ya fi tsada.
(3) Garkuwa da Karfe: "Sulke Daga Tsangwama" ga Kebulan Wutar Lantarki Mai Yawan Wuta
Kebulan da ba su da ƙarfin lantarki gabaɗaya ba su da wani kariya (sai dai kebul na sigina), tare da jaket na waje galibi PVC ko polyethylene;
Kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa (musamman ≥6 kV) dole ne su kasance suna da kariyar ƙarfe (misali,Tef ɗin jan ƙarfe, kitso na jan ƙarfe) da kuma kitso na ƙarfe (misali, kitso na gubar, kitso na aluminum mai rufi):
Kariyar ƙarfe: Yana takaita filin ƙarfin lantarki mai girma a cikin layin rufi, yana rage tsangwama na lantarki (EMI), kuma yana samar da hanyar zuwa ga wutar lantarki mai matsala;
Bakin ƙarfe: Yana ƙara ƙarfin injina (taurin kai da juriyar murƙushewa) kuma yana aiki a matsayin "kariyar ƙasa," yana ƙara rage ƙarfin filin rufi.
(4) Jaket ɗin Waje: Ya fi ƙarfi ga kebul masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki
Jaket ɗin kebul masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki galibi suna kare kansu daga lalacewa da tsatsa;
Jaket ɗin kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki dole ne su kuma yi tsayayya da mai, sanyi, ozone, da sauransu (misali, ƙarin PVC + masu jure yanayi). Aikace-aikace na musamman (misali, kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa) na iya buƙatar sulke na waya na ƙarfe (jure matsin lamba na ruwa da matsin lamba).
2. Maɓallan "Matsaloli" guda 3 da za a guji yayin zaɓar kebul
Bayan fahimtar bambance-bambancen tsarin, dole ne ku guji waɗannan "tarkuna masu ɓoye" yayin zaɓe; in ba haka ba, farashi na iya ƙaruwa, ko kuma haɗarin tsaro na iya faruwa.
(1) Neman "Mafi Girma" ko "Farashi Mai Rahusa" A Makance
Kuskure: Wasu suna tunanin "yin amfani da kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki maimakon ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki ya fi aminci," ko kuma suna amfani da kebul mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don adana kuɗi.
Hadari: Kebul ɗin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi sun fi tsada; zaɓin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ba dole ba yana ƙara kasafin kuɗi. Amfani da kebul masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi na iya lalata rufin nan take, yana haifar da gajerun da'irori, gobara, ko kuma barazana ga ma'aikata.
Hanya Mai Daidai: Zaɓi bisa ga ainihin matakin ƙarfin lantarki da buƙatun wutar lantarki, misali, wutar lantarki ta gida (220V/380V) tana amfani da kebul mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, injinan wutar lantarki masu ƙarfin lantarki na masana'antu (10 kV) dole ne su dace da kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mai girma - ba za a taɓa "rage darajar" ko "haɓakawa" a makance ba.
(2) Yin watsi da "Lalacewar da ke Ɓoye" daga Muhalli
Kuskure: Yi la'akari da ƙarfin lantarki kawai, yi watsi da muhalli, misali, amfani da kebul na yau da kullun a cikin yanayi mai danshi, zafi mai yawa, ko kuma mai lalata sinadarai.
Hadari: Kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa a cikin yanayi mai danshi tare da garkuwa ko jaket da suka lalace na iya fuskantar tsufar danshi na rufi; kebul mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin wurare masu zafi (misali, ɗakunan tukunya) na iya laushi da lalacewa.
Hanyar da ta dace: Fayyace yanayin shigarwa — kebul masu sulke don shigarwa a binne, kebul masu sulke masu hana ruwa shiga ruwa, kayan da aka kimanta zafin jiki mai yawa (XLPE ≥90℃) don yanayin zafi, jaket masu jure tsatsa a masana'antun sinadarai.
(3) Yin watsi da Daidaita "Ƙarfin Ɗauka da Hanyar Zane"
Kuskure: Kawai a mayar da hankali kan matakin ƙarfin lantarki, a yi watsi da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta kebul (matsakaicin wutar lantarki da aka yarda da ita) ko kuma a matsa/lanƙwasa fiye da kima yayin kwanciya.
Hadari: Rashin isasshen ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da zafi fiye da kima kuma yana hanzarta tsufar rufin; rashin daidaita radius na lanƙwasa na kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki (misali, jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, lanƙwasawa mai yawa) na iya lalata garkuwa da rufin, yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa.
Hanyar Da Ta Dace: Zaɓi ƙayyadaddun kebul dangane da ainihin wutar lantarki da aka ƙididdige (yi la'akari da fara wutar lantarki, zafin yanayi); bi ƙa'idodin radius mai lanƙwasa yayin shigarwa (radius mai lanƙwasa kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki yawanci ≥15× diamita na waje na mai gudanarwa), guje wa matsi da fallasa rana.
3. Ka tuna da "Dokokin Zinare" guda 3 don Guji Matsalolin Zaɓe
(1) Duba Tsarin Dangane da Wutar Lantarki:
Rufe kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da yadudduka masu kariya sune ginshiƙai; kebul masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki ba sa buƙatar ƙira fiye da kima.
(2) Daidaita Maki Da Ya Dace:
Dole ne ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfi, da muhalli su yi daidai; kada a yi haɓɓaka ko rage darajarsu a makance.
(3) Tabbatar da Cikakkun Bayanai bisa ga Ka'idoji:
Dole ne ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na yanzu, radius mai lanƙwasa, da matakin kariya su bi ƙa'idodin ƙasa - kada a dogara kawai da ƙwarewa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-29-2025