A cikin injiniyan wutar lantarki da shigar da kayan aikin masana'antu, zaɓin nau'in kuskuren "kebul mai ƙarfi" ko "ƙarashin wutar lantarki" na iya haifar da gazawar kayan aiki, katsewar wutar lantarki, da dakatarwar samarwa, ko ma haɗari na aminci a cikin mawuyacin hali. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa kawai suna da fahimta ta zahiri game da bambance-bambancen tsarin da ke tsakanin su biyun kuma galibi suna zaɓar bisa la'akari da gogewa ko "tsara-tsara" wanda ke haifar da kuskuren maimaitawa.
1. Tsari Tsari: High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage Cables
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin, "Maɗaukakin igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki sune kawai ƙananan ƙananan igiyoyi masu kauri," amma a gaskiya, tsarin tsarin su yana da bambance-bambance na asali, kuma kowane Layer yana daidaita daidai da matakin ƙarfin lantarki. Don fahimtar bambance-bambance, fara da ma'anar "high-voltage" da "ƙananan wutar lantarki":
Ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki: Ƙimar wutar lantarki ≤ 1 kV (yawanci 0.6 / 1 kV), wanda aka fi amfani dashi don gina gine-gine da ƙananan wutar lantarki;
High-voltage igiyoyi: Rated ƙarfin lantarki ≥ 1 kV (yawanci 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), amfani da wutar lantarki watsa, substations, da kuma manyan masana'antu kayan aiki.
(1) Mai Gudanarwa: Ba "Kauri" ba amma "Tsarki Mahimmanci"
Ana yin na'urori masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ƙananan wayoyi masu kyau na tagulla (misali, igiyoyi 19 a cikin wayoyi na BV), musamman don biyan buƙatun "ƙarar ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu";
Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na USB, ko da yake kuma jan ƙarfe ko aluminum, suna da tsabta mafi girma (≥99.95%) kuma suna ɗaukar tsarin "ƙananan zagaye stranding" (rage voids) don rage juriya na madubi da kuma rage "tasirin fata" a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki (a halin yanzu yana mai da hankali kan mahaɗar saman, yana haifar da dumama).
(2) Layer Insulation: Mahimmancin Ƙirar Wutar Lantarki na "Kariyar Multi-Layer"
Low-ƙarfin wutar lantarki na USB rufi yadudduka ne in mun gwada da bakin ciki (misali, 0.6/1 kV na USB rufi kauri ~ 3.4 mm), galibi PVC koXLPE, galibi suna yin hidima don “keɓe madugu daga waje”;
Yaduddukan rufin kebul na lantarki mai ƙarfi sun fi kauri (6 kV na USB ~ 10 mm, 110 kV har zuwa 20 mm) kuma dole ne su wuce gwaje-gwaje masu ƙarfi kamar “mitar wutar lantarki mai jure wa wutar lantarki” da “ƙarancin walƙiya.” Mafi mahimmanci, igiyoyin igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki suna ƙara kaset ɗin toshe ruwa da yadudduka masu ɗaukar nauyi a cikin rufin:
Tef mai hana ruwa: Yana hana shigar ruwa (danshi a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki zai iya haifar da "bishiyoyin ruwa," wanda ke haifar da rushewar rufi);
Semi-consey Layer: Yana tabbatar da rarraba filin uniforth uniforth uniform (yana hana maida hankali kan gida, wanda zai haifar da fitarwa).
Bayanai: Layer Layer yana lissafin 40% -50% na ƙimar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi (kawai 15% -20% don ƙarancin wutar lantarki), wanda shine babban dalilin da yasa manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi suka fi tsada.
(3) Garkuwa da Ƙarfe Sheath: "Armor Against Interface" don Ƙarfafan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi
Ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarancin wuta gabaɗaya ba su da Layer garkuwa (sai dai igiyoyin sigina), tare da jaket na waje galibi PVC ko polyethylene;
Babban igiyoyin wutar lantarki (musamman ≥6 kV) dole ne su sami garkuwar ƙarfe (misali,kaset tagulla, Tagulla tagulla) da sheaths na ƙarfe (misali, kwas ɗin gubar, kwasfa na aluminum):
Ƙarfe garkuwa: Yana ƙunshe babban filin wutar lantarki a cikin rufin rufin, yana rage tsangwama na lantarki (EMI), kuma yana ba da hanya don kuskuren halin yanzu;
Sheath na ƙarfe: Yana haɓaka ƙarfin injina (jinkirin juriya da murkushe juriya) kuma yana aiki azaman "garkuwar ƙasa," yana ƙara rage ƙarfin filin rufewa.
(4) Jaket ɗin Waje: Ƙarin Rugujewa don Manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi
Jaket ɗin kebul mara ƙarancin ƙarfin wuta galibi suna kare kariya daga lalacewa da lalata;
Jaket ɗin na USB masu ƙarfi dole kuma su yi tsayayya da mai, sanyi, ozone, da sauransu (misali, PVC + abubuwan da ke jure yanayin yanayi). Aikace-aikace na musamman (misali, igiyoyin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa) na iya buƙatar sulke na ƙarfe na waya (juriya da matsa lamba na ruwa da damuwa mai ƙarfi).
2. 3 Maɓalli "Rikici" don Gujewa Lokacin Zaɓan igiyoyi
Bayan fahimtar bambance-bambancen tsarin, dole ne ku guje wa waɗannan "ɓoye tarkuna" yayin zaɓi; in ba haka ba, farashi na iya ƙaruwa, ko kuma abubuwan tsaro na iya faruwa.
(1) Makauniyar Neman "Mafi Girma" ko "Farashi mai arha"
Kuskure: Wasu suna tunanin “amfani da igiyoyi masu ƙarfi maimakon ƙarancin wutar lantarki ya fi aminci,” ko kuma suna amfani da ƙananan igiyoyi don adana kuɗi.
Haɗari: Babban igiyoyin wutar lantarki sun fi tsada; Zaɓin babban ƙarfin lantarki wanda ba dole ba yana ƙara kasafin kuɗi. Yin amfani da ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi a cikin yanayin yanayin ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki na iya rushe rufin nan take, haifar da gajeriyar kewayawa, gobara, ko ma'aikata cikin haɗari.
Madaidaicin Hanyar: Zaɓi bisa ainihin matakin ƙarfin lantarki da buƙatun wutar lantarki, misali, wutar lantarki na gida (220V/380V) yana amfani da ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, manyan injinan ƙarfin lantarki na masana'antu (10 kV) dole ne su dace da igiyoyi masu ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki - ba za a taɓa "ƙasa" ko "haɓaka" a makance ba.
(2) Yin watsi da "Lalacewar Hidden" daga Muhalli
Kuskure: Yi la'akari da ƙarfin lantarki kawai, watsi da muhalli, misali, amfani da igiyoyi na yau da kullun a cikin ɗanɗano, zafi mai zafi, ko yanayin lalata na sinadarai.
Haɗari: Babban igiyoyi masu ƙarfi a cikin mahalli mai ɗanɗano tare da lalata garkuwa ko jaket na iya fuskantar tsufa danshi; ƙananan igiyoyi masu ƙarfi a cikin wuraren zafin jiki (misali, ɗakunan tukunyar jirgi) na iya yin laushi da kasawa.
Daidaitaccen Hanyar: Bayyana yanayin shigarwa - igiyoyi masu sulke don shigarwa da aka binne, igiyoyi masu sulke mai hana ruwa don ruwa, kayan zafi masu zafi (XLPE ≥90 ℃) don yanayin zafi, Jaket masu jure lalata a cikin sinadarai.
(3) Yin watsi da Ma'auni na "Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa na Yanzu da Hanyar Kwanciya"
Rashin fahimta: Kawai mayar da hankali kan matakin ƙarfin lantarki, watsi da ƙarfin halin yanzu na kebul (mafi girman izinin halin yanzu) ko fiye da matsawa/lanƙwasa yayin kwanciya.
Haɗari: Rashin isasshen ƙarfin halin yanzu yana haifar da zazzaɓi kuma yana haɓaka tsufa na rufi; radius na lanƙwasawa mara kyau na igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki (misali, ja mai wuya, lankwasawa da yawa) na iya lalata garkuwa da rufi, haifar da haɗari.
Madaidaicin Hanyar: Zaɓi ƙayyadaddun kebul dangane da ƙididdigar ainihin halin yanzu (la'akari da farawa na yanzu, zafin yanayi); bi bin buƙatun radius na lanƙwasa yayin shigarwa (Radius na lanƙwasawa mai ƙarfi yawanci ≥15 × diamita na waje), guje wa matsawa da bayyanar rana.
3. Ka tuna 3 "Dokokin Zinariya" don Guji Matsalolin Zaɓi
(1) Duba Tsarin Karɓar Wutar Lantarki:
Babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kebul na kebul da matakan kariya sune ainihin; ƙananan igiyoyin lantarki ba sa buƙatar ƙira fiye da kima.
(2) Daidaita Makin Da Ya dace:
Wutar lantarki, iko, da muhalli dole ne su dace; kar a makance haɓaka ko rage darajar.
(3) Tabbatar da Cikakkun Bayanai Akan Matsayi:
Ƙarfin ɗauka na yanzu, radius na lanƙwasa, da matakin kariya dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin ƙasa - kar a dogara kawai ga ƙwarewa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-29-2025