Hanyoyin Haɗa Polyethylene da Iri
(1) Polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa (LDPE)
Idan aka ƙara adadin iskar oxygen ko peroxides a matsayin masu farawa zuwa tsantsar ethylene, an matse shi zuwa kimanin 202.6 kPa, sannan aka dumama shi zuwa kimanin 200°C, ethylene zai canza zuwa fari, polyethylene mai kakin zuma. Wannan hanyar galibi ana kiranta da babban matsin lamba saboda yanayin aiki. Polyethylene da aka samar yana da yawa daga 0.915–0.930 g/cm³ da nauyin kwayoyin halitta daga 15,000 zuwa 40,000. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa yana da rassan rassansa sosai, yana kama da tsarin "kamar itace", wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin yawansa, don haka ake kiransa polyethylene mai ƙarancin yawa.
(2) Polyethylene mai matsakaicin yawa (MDPE)
Tsarin matsin lamba na matsakaici ya ƙunshi yin polymerization na ethylene a ƙarƙashin yanayi 30-100 ta amfani da abubuwan kara kuzari na ƙarfe. Polyethylene da aka samar yana da yawa na 0.931–0.940 g/cm³. Hakanan ana iya samar da MDPE ta hanyar haɗa polyethylene mai yawan yawa (HDPE) tare da LDPE ko ta hanyar haɗa ethylene tare da comonomers kamar butene, vinyl acetate, ko acrylates.
(3) Polyethylene mai yawan yawa (HDPE)
A ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba na yau da kullun, ana haɗa ethylene ta amfani da abubuwan haɓaka aiki masu inganci (mahaɗan organometallic waɗanda suka ƙunshi alkylaluminum da titanium tetrachloride). Saboda yawan aikin catalytic, ana iya kammala aikin polymerization cikin sauri a ƙananan matsin lamba (0-10 atm) da ƙananan zafin jiki (60-75°C), don haka ake kiransa tsarin ƙarancin matsin lamba. Polyethylene da aka samar yana da tsarin kwayoyin halitta mara tsari, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yawansa (0.941-0.965 g/cm³). Idan aka kwatanta da LDPE, HDPE yana nuna juriyar zafi mai kyau, halayen injiniya, da juriyar fashewa ga muhalli.
Halayen Polyethylene
Polyethylene roba ce mai kama da farin madara, mai kama da kakin zuma, wacce take da haske sosai, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama kayan kariya da rufewa mai kyau ga wayoyi da kebul. Manyan fa'idodinta sun haɗa da:
(1) Kyakkyawan halayen lantarki: juriya mai ƙarfi ga rufi da ƙarfin dielectric; ƙarancin izinin izini (ε) da tangent asarar dielectric (tanδ) a fadin kewayon mita mai faɗi, tare da ƙarancin dogaro da mita, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kusan cikakkiyar dielectric don kebul na sadarwa.
(2) Kyakkyawan halayen injiniya: sassauƙa amma mai tauri, tare da juriya mai kyau ga nakasa.
(3) Juriya mai ƙarfi ga tsufa mai zafi, rashin karyewar yanayin zafi, da kuma daidaiton sinadarai.
(4) Kyakkyawan juriyar ruwa tare da ƙarancin shan danshi; juriyar kariya gabaɗaya ba ta raguwa idan aka nutsar da ita cikin ruwa.
(5) A matsayinsa na abu mara polar, yana nuna yawan iskar gas, tare da LDPE yana da mafi girman iskar gas tsakanin robobi.
(6) Ƙananan nauyi, duk ƙasa da 1. LDPE yana da mahimmanci musamman a kusan 0.92 g/cm³, yayin da HDPE, duk da yawansa mafi girma, yana kusa da 0.94 g/cm³ kawai.
(7) Kyakkyawan halaye na sarrafawa: yana da sauƙin narkewa da kuma plasticize ba tare da ruɓewa ba, yana sanyaya cikin sauƙi zuwa siffar, kuma yana ba da damar sarrafa daidaito akan yanayin samfurin da girma.
(8) Kebul ɗin da aka yi da polyethylene suna da sauƙi, sauƙin shigarwa, kuma suna da sauƙin ƙarewa. Duk da haka, polyethylene yana da wasu matsaloli: ƙarancin zafin jiki mai laushi; sauƙin ƙonewa, yana fitar da wari kamar paraffin lokacin da aka ƙone; rashin juriya ga damuwa da tsagewa daga muhalli da juriyar rarrafe. Ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman lokacin amfani da polyethylene azaman rufi ko rufin katako don kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa ko kebul da aka sanya a cikin ɗigon tsaye mai tsayi.
Roba na Polyethylene don Wayoyi da Kebul
(1) Rufewa ta Gabaɗaya da Polyethylene Plastic
An yi shi ne kawai da polyethylene resin da antioxidants.
(2) Roba mai jure wa yanayi
An fi samun sinadarin polyethylene resin, antioxidants, da kuma carbon black. Juriyar yanayi ya dogara ne da girman barbashi, abun ciki, da kuma yaduwar carbon black.
(3) Roba mai jure wa tsagewar muhalli mai jure wa damuwa
Yana amfani da polyethylene mai ma'aunin narkewar ruwa ƙasa da 0.3 da kuma kunkuntar rarraba nauyin kwayoyin halitta. Haka kuma ana iya haɗa polyethylene ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana ko hanyoyin sinadarai.
(4) Rufin Wutar Lantarki Mai Yawan Lantarki na Polyethylene
Rufe kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa yana buƙatar filastik ɗin polyethylene mai tsarki sosai, wanda aka ƙara masa da masu daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da kuma na'urori na musamman don hana samuwar gurɓataccen abu, danne fitar da resin, da inganta juriyar baka, juriyar zaizayar ƙasa, da juriyar corona.
(5) Roba na Polyethylene mai amfani da Semi-conductive
Ana samar da shi ta hanyar ƙara baƙin carbon mai sarrafawa zuwa polyethylene, yawanci ana amfani da ƙaramin barbashi, mai tsari mai ƙarfi.
(6) Haɗin Kebul na Polyolefin Mai Sauƙi na Thermoplastic Sirara Mai Haɗa Hakori (LSZH)
Wannan sinadarin yana amfani da resin polyethylene a matsayin kayan tushe, wanda ya haɗa da masu hana harshen wuta marasa halogen, masu hana hayaki, masu daidaita yanayin zafi, magungunan antifungal, da masu canza launi, waɗanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar haɗawa, plasticization, da pelletization.
Polyethylene mai haɗin gwiwa (XLPE)
A ƙarƙashin aikin radiation mai ƙarfi ko kuma sinadarai masu haɗa haɗin gwiwa, tsarin kwayoyin halitta na polyethylene mai layi yana canzawa zuwa tsarin girma uku (na hanyar sadarwa), yana mayar da kayan thermoplastic zuwa thermoset. Idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman rufi,XLPEzai iya jure yanayin zafi mai ci gaba har zuwa 90°C da kuma yanayin zafi na ɗan gajeren lokaci na 170–250°C. Hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa na zahiri da na sinadarai. Haɗin gwiwar hasken rana hanya ce ta zahiri, yayin da wakilin haɗin gwiwa mafi yawan sinadarai shine DCP (dicumyl peroxide).
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-10-2025