Yayin da al'umma ta zamani ke bunƙasa, hanyoyin sadarwa sun zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar yau da kullun, kuma watsa siginar hanyar sadarwa ta dogara ne akan kebul na hanyar sadarwa (wanda aka fi sani da kebul na Ethernet). A matsayin wani hadadden masana'antu na zamani a teku, injiniyan ruwa da na teku yana ƙara zama mai sarrafa kansa da wayo. Muhalli ya fi rikitarwa, yana sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan tsarin kebul na Ethernet da kayan kebul da aka yi amfani da su. A yau, za mu gabatar da ɗan taƙaitaccen fasalin tsarin, hanyoyin rarrabuwa, da mahimman tsarin kayan kebul na Ethernet na ruwa.
1. Rarraba Kebul
(1). Dangane da Aikin Watsawa
Kebul ɗin Ethernet da muke amfani da su galibi ana yin su ne da tsarin biyu masu jujjuyawar jan ƙarfe, waɗanda ke ɗauke da masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe ɗaya ko mai ɗaure da yawa, kayan kariya na PE ko PO, waɗanda aka murɗe su biyu, sannan aka haɗa su biyu, sannan aka samar da guda huɗu zuwa cikakken kebul. Dangane da aiki, ana iya zaɓar nau'ikan kebul daban-daban:
Nau'i na 5E (CAT5E): Ana yin murfin waje ne da PVC ko polyolefin mara hayaki mai ƙarancin hayaki, tare da mitar watsawa ta 100MHz da matsakaicin gudu na 1000Mbps. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na gida da ofis na gabaɗaya.
Nau'i na 6 (CAT6): Yana amfani da manyan masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe da kumapolyethylene mai yawa (HDPE)kayan rufi, tare da mai raba tsarin, yana ƙara yawan bandwidth zuwa 250MHz don ƙarin ingantaccen watsawa.
Nau'i na 6A (CAT6A): Yawan mitar yana ƙaruwa zuwa 500MHz, saurin watsawa ya kai 10Gbps, yawanci yana amfani da foil ɗin aluminum Mylar tef a matsayin kayan kariya, kuma ana haɗa shi da kayan kariya marasa hayaki mai ƙarfi don amfani a cibiyoyin bayanai.
Nau'i na 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Yana amfani da na'urar jan ƙarfe mai nauyin 0.57mm wanda ba shi da iskar oxygen, kowanne biyu an kare shi da kariyaaluminum foil Mylar tef+ cikakken kilishin waya na tagulla, haɓaka amincin sigina da tallafawa watsawa mai sauri 10Gbps.
Nau'i na 8 (CAT8): Tsarin shine SFTP tare da kariya mai layi biyu (takardar allo ta aluminum ta Mylar ga kowane biyu + kitso gabaɗaya), kuma kitson yawanci kayan XLPO ne mai hana harshen wuta, yana tallafawa har zuwa saurin 2000MHz da 40Gbps, wanda ya dace da haɗin kayan aiki a cibiyoyin bayanai.
(2). Dangane da Tsarin Kariya
Dangane da ko ana amfani da kayan kariya a cikin tsarin, ana iya raba kebul na Ethernet zuwa:
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Yana amfani da kayan kariya na PO ko HDPE kawai ba tare da ƙarin kariya ba, ƙarancin farashi, wanda ya dace da muhallin da ba shi da tsangwama ta lantarki.
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair): Yana amfani da foil na aluminum. Tef ɗin Mylar ko kirtani na waya na jan ƙarfe a matsayin kayan kariya, yana ƙara juriya ga tsangwama, wanda ya dace da yanayin lantarki mai rikitarwa.
Kebulan Ethernet na ruwa galibi suna fuskantar tsangwama mai ƙarfi ta hanyar lantarki, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin tsarin kariya. Tsarin gama gari sun haɗa da:
F/UTP: Yana amfani da foil na aluminum. Tef ɗin Mylar yana aiki azaman Layer na kariya gabaɗaya, wanda ya dace da CAT5E da CAT6, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sarrafawa na ciki.
SF/UTP: Aluminum foil Tef ɗin Mylar + kariya daga kitso na jan ƙarfe, yana ƙara juriya ga EMI gabaɗaya, wanda aka saba amfani da shi don wutar lantarki ta ruwa da watsa sigina.
S/FTP: Kowace ma'aurata masu murɗewa tana amfani da foil ɗin aluminum na Mylar tef don kare kai ɗaya, tare da wani Layer na waje na kitso na waya na jan ƙarfe don kare gaba ɗaya, tare da kayan rufe XLPO mai hana harshen wuta. Wannan tsari ne gama gari ga kebul na CAT6A da sama.
2. Bambance-bambancen da ke cikin kebul na Ethernet na ruwa
Idan aka kwatanta da kebul na Ethernet da ke kan tudu, kebul na Ethernet na ruwa yana da bambance-bambance bayyanannu a cikin zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙirar tsari. Saboda yanayin ruwan teku mai tsauri—hazo mai yawa na gishiri, zafi mai yawa, tsangwama mai ƙarfi na lantarki, hasken UV mai ƙarfi, da kuma iya ƙonewa—kayan kebul dole ne su cika ƙa'idodi mafi girma don aminci, dorewa, da aikin injiniya.
(1). Bukatun Daidaitacce
Galibi ana tsara kebul na Ethernet na teku bisa ga IEC 61156-5 da IEC 61156-6. Kebul na kwance yawanci yana amfani da masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi tare da kayan rufewa na HDPE don cimma ingantacciyar nisan watsawa da kwanciyar hankali; igiyoyin faci a cikin ɗakunan bayanai suna amfani da masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe da aka makale tare da rufin PO ko PE mai laushi don sauƙaƙe hanyar sadarwa a cikin wurare masu matsewa.
(2).Rage Wuta da Juriyar Wuta
Don hana yaɗuwar gobara, kebul na Ethernet na ruwa galibi suna amfani da kayan polyolefin marasa hayaƙi na halogen (kamar LSZH, XLPO, da sauransu) don rufewa, cika ƙa'idodin IEC 60332 masu hana harshen wuta, IEC 60754 (marasa halogen), da IEC 61034 (marasa hayaƙi). Ga tsarin mahimmanci, ana ƙara tef ɗin mica da sauran kayan da ke hana wuta don cika ƙa'idodin IEC 60331 masu hana wuta, don tabbatar da cewa ana kiyaye ayyukan sadarwa yayin aukuwar gobara.
(3). Juriyar Mai, Juriyar Tsatsa, da Tsarin Sulke
A cikin na'urorin da ke cikin teku kamar FPSOs da dredgers, galibi ana fallasa kebul na Ethernet ga mai da kuma hanyoyin lalata. Don inganta juriyar sheath, ana amfani da kayan polyolefin masu haɗin gwiwa (SHF2) ko kayan SHF2 MUD masu jure laka, waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin juriyar sinadarai na NEK 606. Don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin injina, ana iya ɗaure igiyoyi da sarƙoƙin waya na ƙarfe mai galvanized (GSWB) ko sarƙoƙin waya na jan ƙarfe (TCWB), suna ba da ƙarfin matsi da juriya, tare da kariyar lantarki don kare amincin sigina.
(4). Juriyar UV da Tsarin Tsufa
Kebulan Ethernet na ruwa galibi suna fuskantar hasken rana kai tsaye, don haka kayan sheath dole ne su sami kyakkyawan juriyar UV. Yawanci, ana amfani da murfin polyolefin tare da ƙarin carbon black ko masu jure UV kuma ana gwada su a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin tsufa na UV na UL1581 ko ASTM G154-16 don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tsawon rai na sabis a cikin yanayin UV mai yawa.
A taƙaice, kowane layi na ƙirar kebul na Ethernet na ruwa yana da alaƙa da zaɓin kayan kebul na musamman. Masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe masu inganci, kayan kariya na HDPE ko PO, tef ɗin aluminum na Mylar, braid na waya na jan ƙarfe, tef ɗin mica, kayan kariya na XLPO, da kayan kariya na SHF2 tare suna samar da tsarin kebul na sadarwa wanda zai iya jure wa mawuyacin yanayin ruwa. A matsayinmu na mai samar da kayan kebul, mun fahimci mahimmancin ingancin kayan aiki ga aikin kebul ɗin gaba ɗaya kuma mun himmatu wajen samar da ingantattun mafita, aminci, da inganci ga masana'antar ruwa da ta teku.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-16-2025