Yayin da al'ummar zamani ke tasowa, cibiyoyin sadarwa sun zama wani muhimmin bangare na rayuwar yau da kullum, kuma watsa siginar cibiyar sadarwa ya dogara da igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa (wanda aka fi sani da igiyoyin Ethernet). A matsayin rukunin masana'antu na zamani na wayar hannu a teku, injiniyan ruwa da na teku suna ƙara yin aiki da kai da hankali. Yanayin ya fi rikitarwa, yana sanya buƙatu mafi girma akan tsarin igiyoyin Ethernet da kayan kebul ɗin da aka yi amfani da su. A yau, za mu ɗan gabatar da fasalulluka na tsari, hanyoyin rarrabuwa, da maɓalli na kayan aiki na igiyoyin Ethernet na ruwa.
1.Cable Rarraba
(1) .Bisa ga Ayyukan watsawa
An yi amfani da igiyoyin Ethernet da muke yawan amfani da su tare da murɗaɗɗen nau'i-nau'i biyu na madugu na jan karfe, mai ɗauke da madubin jan karfe guda ɗaya ko maɗauri da yawa, kayan insulation na PE ko PO, an murɗa su biyu, sa'an nan kuma nau'i-nau'i huɗu sun zama cikakkiyar na USB. Dangane da aiki, ana iya zaɓar maki daban-daban na igiyoyi:
Category 5E (CAT5E): Kwasfa na waje yawanci ana yin shi da PVC ko polyolefin mara ƙarancin hayaki, tare da mitar watsawa na 100MHz da matsakaicin saurin 1000Mbps. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na gida da na ofis.
Category 6 (CAT6): Yana amfani da madugu na jan karfe mafi girma dapolyethylene mai girma (HDPE)kayan rufi, tare da mai raba tsari, haɓaka bandwidth zuwa 250MHz don ƙarin ingantaccen watsawa.
Category 6A (CAT6A): Mitar ta karu zuwa 500MHz, yawan watsawa ya kai 10Gbps, yawanci yana amfani da foil Mylar tef a matsayin kayan kariya guda biyu, kuma ana haɗe shi da ƙananan hayaki mara nauyi mara nauyi don amfani a cibiyoyin bayanai.
Category 7/7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Yana amfani da 0.57mm madugu na jan ƙarfe mara iskar oxygen, kowane nau'i na kariya daaluminum foil Mylar tef+ gabaɗayan tinned tagulla waya tagulla, haɓaka amincin sigina da tallafawa watsa saurin 10Gbps.
Category 8 (CAT8): Tsarin shine SFTP tare da garkuwa biyu-Layer (aluminum foil Mylar tef ga kowane nau'in + gabaɗayan ƙirƙira), kuma kwasfa yawanci babban kayan kwalliyar XLPO mai ƙarfi ne, yana goyan bayan saurin 2000MHz da 40Gbps, wanda ya dace da haɗin kayan aiki a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai.
(2). A cewar Tsarin Garkuwa
Dangane da ko ana amfani da kayan kariya a cikin tsarin, ana iya raba kebul na Ethernet zuwa:
UTP (unshielded Twisted biyu): Yana amfani da POL kawai ko kuma HDPE Insulation abu ba tare da ƙarin garkuwa, low farashi, dace da mahalli na ƙasa da ƙasa kaɗan.
STP (Garkuwa Twisted Biyu): Yana amfani da foil na aluminum Mylar tef ko braid waya tagulla azaman kayan kariya, haɓaka juriyar tsangwama, dacewa da hadaddun mahalli na lantarki.
Wuraren Ethernet na Marine galibi suna fuskantar tsangwama mai ƙarfi na lantarki, suna buƙatar mafi girman tsarin garkuwa. Tsarin gama gari sun haɗa da:
F/UTP: Yana amfani da tef ɗin Mylar tef ɗin aluminium azaman Layer na garkuwa gabaɗaya, wanda ya dace da CAT5E da CAT6, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cikin tsarin sarrafa kan jirgi.
SF/UTP: Aluminum foil Mylar tef + dandashin garkuwar braid na jan karfe, haɓaka juriyar EMI gabaɗaya, galibi ana amfani da ita don wutar ruwa da watsa sigina.
S/FTP: Kowane nau'i-nau'i na murɗaɗɗen suna amfani da tef ɗin Mylar na aluminum don garkuwar mutum ɗaya, tare da murfin waje na braid ɗin waya na jan ƙarfe don garkuwa gabaɗaya, an haɗa su tare da kayan sheath na XLPO mai ƙarfi. Wannan tsari ne gama gari don CAT6A da kebul na sama.
2. Bambance-bambance a cikin igiyoyin Ethernet na Marine
Idan aka kwatanta da igiyoyin Ethernet na tushen ƙasa, igiyoyin Ethernet na ruwa suna da bayyanannun bambance-bambance a zaɓin kayan aiki da ƙirar tsari. Saboda tsananin yanayin magudanar ruwa - hazo mai gishiri mai yawa, zafi mai zafi, tsangwama mai ƙarfi na lantarki, zafin UV radiation, da flammability — kayan kebul dole ne su dace da matsayi mafi girma don aminci, dorewa, da aikin injina.
(1) .Standard Bukatun
Yawancin igiyoyi na Marine Ethernet ana tsara su bisa ga IEC 61156-5 da IEC 61156-6. Kebul na kwance yawanci yana amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tagulla haɗe tare da kayan rufewa na HDPE don cimma ingantacciyar nisa da kwanciyar hankali; igiyoyin faci a cikin ɗakunan bayanai suna amfani da madaidaicin madugu na jan ƙarfe tare da PO ko PE mai laushi mai laushi don sauƙin kewayawa a cikin wurare masu tsauri.
(2).Daurewar wuta da juriyar wuta
Don hana yaduwar wuta, igiyoyin Ethernet na marine sukan yi amfani da kayan polyolefin mara ƙarancin hayaƙi mara ƙarancin wuta (irin su LSZH, XLPO, da sauransu) don sutura, saduwa da IEC 60332 mai kare harshen wuta, IEC 60754 (marasa halogen), da IEC 61034 (ƙananan hayaki) daidaitattun ka'idoji. Don tsarin mahimmanci, mica tef da sauran kayan da ke jure wuta ana ƙara su don saduwa da ƙa'idodin tsayayyar wuta na IEC 60331, tabbatar da cewa ana kiyaye ayyukan sadarwa yayin faruwar gobara.
(3). Juriyar Mai, Juriya na Lalata, da Tsarin Makamashi
A cikin raka'a na bakin teku kamar FPSOs da dredges, igiyoyin Ethernet galibi ana fallasa su ga mai da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata. Don inganta ɗorewa kwasfa, ana amfani da kayan sheath na polyolefin mai haɗin giciye (SHF2) ko kayan SHF2 MUD mai jure laka, masu dacewa da NEK 606 matakan juriya na sinadarai. Don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin injina, ana iya sanya igiyoyi sulke da galvanized karfe waya braid (GSWB) ko braid waya tagulla (TCWB), tana ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, tare da garkuwar lantarki don kare amincin sigina.
(4). Resistance UV da Ayyukan tsufa
Wuraren Ethernet na Marine galibi ana fallasa su zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye, don haka kayan kwasfa dole ne su sami kyakkyawan juriya na UV. Yawanci, polyolefin sheathing tare da carbon baƙar fata ko UV-resistant additives ana amfani da kuma gwada a karkashin UL1581 ko ASTM G154-16 UV ka'idojin tsufa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na jiki da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis a cikin manyan mahalli na UV.
A taƙaice, kowane nau'in ƙirar kebul na Ethernet na ruwa yana da alaƙa da zaɓin kayan aikin USB a hankali. Babban ingancin jan karfe, HDPE ko kayan rufi na PO, aluminum foil Mylar tef, braid waya braid, mica tef, XLPO sheath material, da SHF2 kayan kwasfa tare suna samar da tsarin kebul na sadarwa wanda zai iya jure yanayin yanayin ruwa. A matsayin mai ba da kayan kebul, mun fahimci mahimmancin ingancin kayan aiki ga aikin gabaɗayan kebul ɗin kuma mun himmatu wajen samar da abin dogaro, aminci, da ingantaccen kayan aiki don masana'antun ruwa da na teku.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-16-2025