Zaɓin kebul muhimmin mataki ne a cikin ƙira da shigarwa na lantarki. Zaɓi mara kyau na iya haifar da haɗarin aminci (kamar zafi fiye da kima ko wuta), raguwar ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, lalacewar kayan aiki, ko ƙarancin ingancin tsarin. Ga manyan abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su yayin zaɓar kebul:
1. Sigogi na Lantarki na Core
(1) Yankin Sashe-Sashe na Mai Gudanar da Gudanarwa:
Ƙarfin Ɗauka na Yanzu: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin ma'auni. Dole ne kebul ɗin ya sami damar ɗaukar matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da aiki na da'irar ba tare da wuce zafin aikin da aka yarda da shi ba. Duba teburin ampacity a cikin ƙa'idodi masu dacewa (kamar IEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Faduwar Wutar Lantarki: Wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin kebul tana haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki. Tsawon lokaci ko rashin isasshen sashe na iya haifar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen kaya, wanda ke shafar aikin kayan aiki (musamman fara injin). Lissafi jimlar faɗuwar wutar lantarki daga tushen wutar lantarki zuwa kaya, tabbatar da cewa yana cikin kewayon da aka yarda (yawanci ≤3% don haske, ≤5% don wuta).
Ƙarfin Juriya Gajeren Da'ira: Kebul ɗin dole ne ya jurewa matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta gajeren da'ira da za a iya samu a cikin tsarin ba tare da lalacewar zafi ba kafin na'urar kariya ta yi aiki (duba daidaiton zafi). Manyan yankunan da ke kan iyaka suna da ƙarfin juriya mafi girma.
(2) Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Ƙimar:
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ƙima a kebul (misali, 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) bai kamata ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin ba (misali, 380V, 10kV) da duk wani ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi da zai iya aiki. Yi la'akari da canjin ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin da yanayin ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa.
(3) Kayan Gudanarwa:
Tagulla: Babban ƙarfin lantarki (~58 MS/m), ƙarfin ɗaukar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin injina mai kyau, juriyar tsatsa mai kyau, sauƙin ɗaukar haɗin gwiwa, farashi mai yawa. An fi amfani da shi sosai.
Aluminum: Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki (~35 MS/m), yana buƙatar babban sashe don cimma irin wannan ƙarfin, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, amma ƙarancin ƙarfin injina, mai saurin kamuwa da iskar shaka, yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da mahaɗin antioxidant don haɗin gwiwa. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don manyan layukan sama ko takamaiman aikace-aikace.
2. Muhalli da Yanayi na Shigarwa
(1) Hanyar Shigarwa:
A Iska: Tirelolin kebul, tsani, bututun iska, bututun iska, saman da aka ɗora a bango, da sauransu. Yanayin watsa zafi daban-daban yana shafar ƙarfin iska (ana buƙatar cirewa don shigarwa mai yawa).
Karkashin ƙasa: An binne kai tsaye ko kuma an rufe bututun. Yi la'akari da juriyar zafi na ƙasa, zurfin binnewa, kusanci da sauran hanyoyin zafi (misali, bututun tururi). Danshin ƙasa da lalata suna shafar zaɓin murfin.
A ƙarƙashin ruwa: Yana buƙatar tsari na musamman na hana ruwa shiga (misali, murfin gubar, wani yanki mai toshe ruwa) da kuma kariyar injiniya.
Shigarwa ta Musamman: Gudun tsaye (yi la'akari da nauyin kai), ramukan kebul/rami, da sauransu.
(2) Zafin Yanayi:
Zafin yanayi yana shafar watsar da zafi na kebul kai tsaye. Teburin ampacity na yau da kullun sun dogara ne akan yanayin zafi na tunani (misali, 30°C a cikin iska, 20°C a cikin ƙasa). Idan ainihin zafin jiki ya wuce nassoshi, dole ne a gyara ampacy (an cire shi). A kula da shi sosai a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa (misali, ɗakunan tukunya, yanayin zafi).
(3)Kusanci da Sauran Kebul:
Shigar da kebul mai yawa yana haifar da dumama juna da hauhawar zafin jiki. Dole ne a cire kebul da yawa da aka sanya a layi ɗaya (musamman ba tare da tazara ko a cikin bututu ɗaya ba) bisa ga lamba, tsari (taɓawa / rashin taɓawa).
(4) Damuwa ta Inji:
Nauyin Tashin Hankali: Don shigarwa a tsaye ko nisan jan hankali, yi la'akari da nauyin kebul da kuma ƙarfin jan kebul; zaɓi kebul masu ƙarfin tashin Hankali (misali, an yi wa waya mai sulke da ƙarfe).
Matsi/Tasirin: Kebul ɗin da aka binne kai tsaye dole ne su jure wa cunkoson ababen hawa a saman ƙasa da haɗarin haƙa; kebul ɗin da aka ɗora a tire na iya zama matsewa. Sulke (tef ɗin ƙarfe, wayar ƙarfe) yana ba da kariya mai ƙarfi ta injiniya.
Radius Mai Lankwasawa: A lokacin shigarwa da juyawa, radius mai lankwasawa na kebul bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin da aka yarda da shi ba, don guje wa lalata rufin rufi da murfin.
(5)Haɗarin Muhalli:
Tsabtace Sinadarai: Masana'antun sinadarai, masana'antun ruwan shara, wuraren hazo na gishiri na bakin teku suna buƙatar murfin da ke jure tsatsa (misali, PVC, LSZH, PE) da/ko yadudduka na waje. Ana iya buƙatar kayan kariya marasa ƙarfe (misali, zare na gilashi).
Gurɓatar Mai: Tashoshin mai, wuraren aikin injina suna buƙatar murfin da ba ya jure wa mai (misali, PVC na musamman, CPE, CSP).
Fuskar UV: Kebulan da aka fallasa a waje suna buƙatar murfin da ke jure UV (misali, PE baƙi, PVC na musamman).
Beraye/Tsutsotsi: Wasu yankuna suna buƙatar kebul masu hana beraye/tururuwa (masu kariya daga kwari, jaket masu tauri, da kuma kayan yaƙi na ƙarfe).
Danshi/Nutsewa: Yanayin danshi ko na ƙarƙashin ruwa yana buƙatar tsarin danshi/toshe ruwa mai kyau (misali, toshewar ruwa mai radial, murfin ƙarfe).
Yanayi Mai Fashewa: Dole ne ya cika buƙatun da ke hana fashewa a yankin mai haɗari (misali, kebul mai hana wuta, LSZH, kebul mai rufe ma'adinai).
3. Tsarin Kebul da Zaɓin Kayan Aiki
(1) Kayan Rufi:
Polyethylene mai alaƙa da juna (XLPE): Kyakkyawan aiki mai zafi (90°C), babban ƙarfin aiki, kyawawan halayen dielectric, juriya ga sinadarai, ƙarfin injiniya mai kyau. Ana amfani da shi sosai don kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaici/ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki. Zaɓi na farko.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Mai rahusa, tsari mai girma, mai sauƙin jure wuta, ƙarancin zafin aiki (70°C), mai rauni a ƙananan zafin jiki, yana fitar da iskar gas mai guba ta halogen da hayaki mai yawa lokacin ƙonewa. Har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai amma ana ƙara ƙuntata shi.
Robar Ethylene Propylene (EPR): Sauƙin aiki mai kyau, yanayi, ozone, juriya ga sinadarai, zafin aiki mai yawa (90°C), ana amfani da ita don kayan aiki na hannu, kebul na ruwa, da ma'adinai. Farashi mai yawa.
Sauran: Robar silicone (>180°C), mai rufe ma'adinai (MI - mai sarrafa jan ƙarfe tare da rufin magnesium oxide, kyakkyawan aikin wuta) don aikace-aikace na musamman.
(2) Kayan Rufe:
PVC: Kyakkyawan kariya daga injina, mai hana harshen wuta, mai rahusa, ana amfani da shi sosai. Ya ƙunshi hayaki mai guba na halogen lokacin ƙonewa.
PE: Danshi mai kyau da juriya ga sinadarai, wanda aka saba amfani da shi wajen rufe murfin waje na kebul da aka binne kai tsaye. Rashin juriya ga harshen wuta.
Ƙaramin Hayaki Ba Ya Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Ƙarancin hayaƙi, ba ya da guba (babu iskar halogen acid), yawan watsa haske yayin ƙonewa. Dole ne a yi amfani da shi a wuraren jama'a (ƙananan jiragen ƙasa, manyan kantuna, asibitoci, gine-gine masu tsayi).
Polyolefin mai hana harshen wuta: Ya cika takamaiman buƙatun hana harshen wuta.
Zaɓin ya kamata ya yi la'akari da juriya ga muhalli (mai, yanayi, UV) da buƙatun kariya daga inji.
(3)Layukan Kariya:
Garkuwar Mai Gudanarwa: Ana buƙatar kebul na matsakaicin/babban ƙarfin lantarki (>3.6/6kV), yana daidaita filin lantarki na saman mai gudanarwa.
Garkuwar Rufi: Ana buƙatar kebul na matsakaici/mai ƙarfi, yana aiki tare da garkuwar jagora don cikakken sarrafa filin.
Garkuwar ƙarfe/Sulke: Yana samar da EMC (hana tsangwama/rage hayaki) da/ko hanyar da'ira ta gajere (dole ne a yi mata ƙasa) da kuma kariyar injiniya. Siffofi gama gari: tef ɗin jan ƙarfe, kitso na waya na jan ƙarfe (garkuwa + hanyar da'ira ta gajere), sulke na tef ɗin ƙarfe (kariyar injiniya), sulke na waya na ƙarfe (kariyar injina + tensile), murfin aluminum (kariyar garkuwa + toshe ruwa + kariyar injina).
(4) Nau'in Sulke:
Wayar Karfe Mai Sulke (SWA): Kyakkyawan kariya daga matsi da kuma na jan hankali, don buƙatun kariya ta hanyar binnewa kai tsaye ko na inji.
Wayar Galvanized Sumoured (GWA): Ƙarfin juriya mai yawa, don gudu a tsaye, manyan wurare, da kuma shigarwa a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Sulke mara ƙarfe: Tef ɗin fiber na gilashi, yana ba da ƙarfin injiniya yayin da yake ba shi da maganadisu, mai sauƙi, mai jure tsatsa, don buƙatu na musamman.
4. Bukatun Tsaro da Dokoki
(1) Rashin Jinkirin Wuta:
Zaɓi kebul waɗanda suka cika ƙa'idodin hana harshen wuta (misali, IEC 60332-1/3 don hana harshen wuta guda ɗaya/daga cikin rukuni, BS 6387 CWZ don hana harshen wuta, GB/T 19666) dangane da haɗarin wuta da buƙatun ƙaura. Dole ne wuraren jama'a da wuraren da ke da wahalar tserewa su yi amfani da kebul masu hana harshen wuta na LSZH.
(2) Juriyar Gobara:
Ga da'irori masu mahimmanci waɗanda dole ne su kasance masu kuzari yayin wuta (famfon wuta, fanfunan hayaki, hasken gaggawa, ƙararrawa), yi amfani da kebul masu jure wuta (misali, kebul na MI, tsarin da aka sanya wa roba mai rufi) waɗanda aka gwada bisa ga ƙa'idodi (misali, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3)Babu Halogen & Ƙarancin Hayaki:
Dole ne a yankunan da ke da buƙatar kariya daga kayan aiki da tsaro mai yawa (cibiyoyin sufuri, cibiyoyin bayanai, asibitoci, manyan gine-ginen jama'a).
(4) Bin ƙa'idodi da Takaddun Shaida:
Dole ne kebul ɗin ya cika ƙa'idodi da takaddun shaida na wajibi a wurin aikin (misali, CCC a China, CE a EU, BS a Burtaniya, UL a Amurka).
5. Kudin Zagayen Tattalin Arziki & Rayuwa
Farashin Zuba Jari na Farko: Farashin kebul da kayan haɗi (haɗin gwiwa, ƙarewa).
Kudin Shigarwa: Ya bambanta da girman kebul, nauyi, sassauci, da sauƙin shigarwa.
Kudin Asarar Aiki: Juriyar mai jagoranci yana haifar da asarar I²R. Manyan masu jagoranci suna da tsada da farko amma suna rage asara na dogon lokaci.
Kudin Gyara: Wayoyi masu inganci da dorewa suna da ƙarancin kuɗin gyara.
Tsawon Lokacin Sabis: Kebul mai inganci a cikin yanayi mai kyau na iya ɗaukar shekaru 30+. Yi nazari sosai don guje wa zaɓar kebul mara inganci ko mara inganci bisa ga farashin farko kawai.
6. Sauran Abubuwan da Za a Yi La'akari da Su
Jerin Ayyuka da Alama: Don kebul masu ci gaba da yawa ko shigarwar da aka raba lokaci, tabbatar da cewa an tsara jerin matakai daidai da kuma lambar launi (bisa ga ƙa'idodin gida).
Haɗa Ƙasa da Kayan Aiki: Garkuwar ƙarfe da sulke dole ne a yi musu ado da ƙarfi (yawanci a ɓangarorin biyu) don aminci da aikin kariya.
Rangwamen Ajiye: Yi la'akari da yiwuwar ƙaruwar kaya ko canje-canje a hanyar sadarwa a nan gaba, ƙara sassan giciye ko ajiye da'irori na ajiya idan akwai buƙata.
Daidaituwa: Kayan haɗin kebul (maƙallan kebul, haɗin gwiwa, ƙarewa) dole ne su dace da nau'in kebul, ƙarfin lantarki, da girman mai jagoran.
Cancantar Kayayyaki da Inganci: Zaɓi masana'antun da suka yi suna waɗanda ke da inganci mai ɗorewa.
Domin samun ingantaccen aiki da aminci, zaɓar kebul mai dacewa yana tafiya tare da zaɓar kayan aiki masu inganci. A DUNIYA TA ƊAYA, muna samar da cikakken nau'ikan kayan aiki na waya da kebul - gami da mahaɗan rufi, kayan rufi, tef, abubuwan cikawa, da zare - waɗanda aka tsara don biyan buƙatun takamaiman ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi daban-daban, suna tallafawa ƙira da shigarwa na kebul mai aminci da inganci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-15-2025