Zaɓin na USB mataki ne mai mahimmanci a ƙirar lantarki da shigarwa. Zaɓin da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da haɗari na aminci (kamar zazzaɓi ko wuta), jujjuyawar wutar lantarki mai yawa, lalacewar kayan aiki, ko ƙarancin ingantaccen tsarin. A ƙasa akwai mahimman abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari yayin zabar kebul:
1. Ma'aunin Lantarki na Core
(1)Mai Gudanar da Yankin Ketare-Sashe:
Ƙarfin ɗauka na Yanzu: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin siga. Dole ne kebul ɗin ya sami damar ɗaukar matsakaicin ci gaba da aiki na da'irar ba tare da wuce izinin aiki da zafinsa ba. Koma zuwa teburin rashin ƙarfi a cikin ma'auni masu dacewa (kamar IEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Juyin Wutar Lantarki: Halin da ke gudana ta kebul yana haifar da faɗuwar wutar lantarki. Tsawon tsayi mai yawa ko rashin isashen giciye na iya haifar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen lodi, yana shafar aikin kayan aiki (musamman farawar mota). Yi ƙididdige jimlar juriyar wutar lantarki daga tushen wutar lantarki zuwa kaya, tabbatar da cewa yana cikin kewayon da aka halatta (yawanci ≤3% don haske, ≤5% don wutar lantarki).
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Wuta: Dole ne kebul ɗin ya tsaya tsayin daka na gajeren lokaci mai yuwuwa a cikin tsarin ba tare da lalacewar zafi ba kafin na'urar kariya ta yi aiki (duba kwanciyar hankali na thermal). Manyan yankunan giciye suna da ƙarfin juriya mafi girma.
(2) Ƙimar Wutar Lantarki:
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na kebul (misali, 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) dole ne ya zama ƙasa da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin (misali, 380V, 10kV) da kowane matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin aiki. Yi la'akari da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki na tsarin da yanayin wuce gona da iri.
(3)Kayan Gudanarwa:
Copper: High conductivity (~ 58 MS / m), karfi halin yanzu dauke da damar, mai kyau inji ƙarfi, m lalata juriya, sauki rike gidajen abinci, mafi girma kudin. Mafi yawan amfani.
Aluminum: Ƙananan ƙaddamarwa (~ 35 MS / m), yana buƙatar babban ɓangaren giciye don cimma wannan rashin ƙarfi, nauyin nauyi, ƙananan farashi, amma ƙananan ƙarfin injiniya, mai sauƙi ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka, yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da kuma maganin antioxidant don gidajen abinci. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don manyan layukan kan layi ko takamaiman aikace-aikace.
2. Shigarwa muhalli & Yanayin
(1) Hanyar Shigarwa:
A cikin iska: Cable trays, ladders, ducts, conduits, saman da aka ɗora tare da bango, da dai sauransu Yanayin zafi daban-daban yana rinjayar rashin ƙarfi (derating da ake buƙata don shigarwa mai yawa).
Karkashin kasa: rufe kai tsaye ko dunded. Yi la'akari da juriya na thermal na ƙasa, zurfin binnewa, kusanci zuwa sauran hanyoyin zafi (misali, bututun tururi). Danshin ƙasa da lalata yana shafar zaɓin kube.
Ƙarƙashin ruwa: Yana buƙatar tsarin hana ruwa na musamman (misali, kumfa gubar, hadedde mai hana ruwa) da kariya ta inji.
Shigarwa na Musamman: Gudu a tsaye (la'akari da nauyin kai), ramuka/tunnel na USB, da sauransu.
(2) Zazzabi na yanayi:
Zazzabi na yanayi yana tasiri kai tsaye da bacewar zafin kebul. Madaidaitan tebur na rashin ƙarfi sun dogara ne akan yanayin zafi (misali, 30°C cikin iska, 20°C cikin ƙasa). Idan ainihin zafin jiki ya wuce abin da ake tunani, dole ne a gyara rashin ƙarfi (rashe). Kula da hankali na musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi (misali, ɗakunan tukunyar jirgi, yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi).
(3)Kusanci Zuwa Wasu Kebul:
Ƙunƙarar shigarwar kebul na haifar da dumama juna da hauhawar zafin jiki. Yawancin igiyoyi da aka shigar a layi daya (musamman ba tare da tazara ko a cikin mashigar ruwa ɗaya ba) dole ne a lalata su bisa lambobi, tsari (taɓawa / rashin taɓawa).
(4) Damuwar Injini:
Ana ɗaukar kaya na ƙasa: don shigarwa na tsaye ko nesa mai nisa, la'akari da nauyin kai da kebul da jan hankali; zaɓi igiyoyi masu isassun ƙarfin ɗaure (misali, sulke mai sulke).
Matsin lamba/Tasiri: Kebul ɗin da aka binne kai tsaye dole ne su yi tsayin daka da nauyin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da haɗarin hakowa; Za a iya matse igiyoyin da aka saka a tire. Armouring (karfe tef, karfe waya) bayar da karfi inji kariya.
Lankwasawa Radius: Yayin shigarwa da juyawa, radius na lanƙwasawa ba dole ne ya zama ƙasa da mafi ƙanƙanta da aka yarda ba, don guje wa lalata rufi da kwano.
(5)Hatsarin Muhalli:
Lalacewar sinadarai: Tsirrai sinadarai, tsire-tsire na ruwa, wuraren hazo na gishiri na bakin teku suna buƙatar kwasfa masu jure lalata (misali, PVC, LSZH, PE) da/ko yadudduka na waje. Ana iya buƙatar sulke mara ƙarfe (misali, fiber gilashi).
Gurɓatar Mai: Ma'ajiyar mai, wuraren bita na injina suna buƙatar kumfa mai jurewa mai (misali, PVC na musamman, CPE, CSP).
Bayyanar UV: Filayen igiyoyi na waje suna buƙatar sheaths masu jurewa UV (misali, PE baki, PVC na musamman).
Rodents/Termites: Wasu yankuna suna buƙatar igiyoyin igiyoyi masu hana rodent/armi (rubutun da ke da magudanar ruwa, jaket masu wuya, sulke na ƙarfe).
Danshi/Saukewa: Wuraren damshi ko matsuguni suna buƙatar kyakkyawan tsarin toshe ruwa/dashi (misali, toshe ruwan radial, kwas ɗin ƙarfe).
Halaye masu fashewa: Dole ne ya cika buƙatun tabbatar da fashewar wuri mai haɗari (misali, mai kare harshen wuta, LSZH, igiyoyin da aka keɓe na ma'adinai).
3. Tsarin Kebul & Zaɓin Kayan Kaya
(1)Kayan Kaya:
Polyethylene mai haɗin kai (XLPE): Kyakkyawan aiki mai zafi mai zafi (90 ° C), babban rashin ƙarfi, kyawawan kaddarorin dielectric, juriya na sinadarai, ƙarfin inji mai kyau. An yi amfani da shi sosai don igiyoyin wutar lantarki masu matsakaici / ƙarancin wuta. Zabi na farko.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Ƙananan farashi, tsarin balagagge, kyakkyawan jinkirin harshen wuta, ƙananan zafin jiki (70 ° C), raguwa a ƙananan zafin jiki, yana saki gas halogen mai guba da hayaki mai yawa lokacin konewa. Har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai amma ana ƙara ƙuntatawa.
Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR): Kyakkyawan sassauci, yanayi, ozone, juriya na sinadarai, babban zafin jiki mai aiki (90 ° C), ana amfani da kayan aikin hannu, marine, igiyoyin ma'adinai. Mafi girman farashi.
Sauran: Silicone rubber (> 180 ° C), ma'adinan ma'adinai (MI - madubi na jan karfe tare da insulation na magnesium oxide, kyakkyawan aikin wuta) don aikace-aikace na musamman.
(2) Abubuwan Sheath:
PVC: Kyakkyawan kariya na inji, mai kare wuta, ƙananan farashi, ana amfani da shi sosai. Ya ƙunshi halogen, hayaki mai guba lokacin konewa.
PE: Kyakkyawan danshi da juriya na sinadarai, gama gari don faren waje na kebul da aka binne kai tsaye. Rashin jinkirin harshen wuta.
Halogen mara ƙarancin hayaki (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Low hayaki, mara guba (ba halogen acid gas), high haske watsa a lokacin kona. Wajibi a wuraren jama'a (hanyoyin karkashin kasa, kantuna, asibitoci, manyan gine-gine).
Polyolefin mai kare harshen wuta: Ya dace da takamaiman buƙatun masu hana harshen wuta.
Ya kamata zaɓi ya yi la'akari da juriya na muhalli (man, yanayi, UV) da bukatun kariya na inji.
(3)Labaran Garkuwa:
Garkuwar Gudanarwa: Ana buƙata don matsakaici / babban ƙarfin lantarki (> 3.6 / 6kV) igiyoyi, daidaita filin lantarki na madubi.
Garkuwar Insulation: Ana buƙata don igiyoyi masu matsakaici / high ƙarfin lantarki, yana aiki tare da garkuwar jagora don cikakken ikon filin.
Garkuwar Ƙarfe/Makamai: Yana ba da EMC (anti-tsangwama / rage hayaki) da/ko gajeriyar hanya (dole ne a yi ƙasa) da kariya ta inji. Siffofin yau da kullun: tef ɗin jan ƙarfe, braid ɗin waya na jan karfe (garkuwa + gajeriyar kewayawa), sulke na tef na ƙarfe (kariyar injina), sulke na ƙarfe na ƙarfe (kariya + kariyar injin), kwasfa na aluminum (garkuwar + radial water-blocking + kariya na inji).
(4) Nau'in Makamashi:
Karfe Waya Armored (SWA): Kyakkyawan matsi da kariya ta gabaɗaya, don buƙatun kariyar kariyar kai tsaye.
Galvanized Wire Armored (GWA): Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, don gudu a tsaye, manyan nisa, shigarwar ruwa ƙarƙashin ruwa.
Makamai marasa ƙarfe: Tef ɗin fiber na gilashi, yana ba da ƙarfin injina yayin kasancewa mara ƙarfi, nauyi mai nauyi, juriya na lalata, don buƙatu na musamman.
4. Tsaro & Ka'idojin Bukatun
(1) Jinkirin wuta:
Zaɓi igiyoyin igiyoyi masu dacewa da ma'auni masu kare harshen wuta (misali, IEC 60332-1/3 don jinkirin wuta ɗaya/bunched, BS 6387 CWZ don jure wuta, GB/T 19666) dangane da haɗarin wuta da buƙatun ƙaura. Jama'a da wuraren da ke da wahala dole ne su yi amfani da igiyoyi masu hana wuta na LSZH.
(2) Juriya na Wuta:
Don da'irori masu mahimmanci waɗanda dole ne su kasance masu ƙarfin kuzari yayin wuta (famfon wuta, masu sha'awar hayaki, hasken gaggawa, ƙararrawa), yi amfani da igiyoyi masu jure wuta (misali, igiyoyin MI, sifofin da aka haɗa da sinadarai na mica) waɗanda aka gwada zuwa ma'auni (misali, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3) Babu Halogen & Karancin Hayaki:
Wajibi ne a wuraren da ke da babban aminci da buƙatun kariya na kayan aiki (cibiyoyin sufuri, cibiyoyin bayanai, asibitoci, manyan gine-ginen jama'a).
(4) Biyayya da Ka'idoji & Takaddun shaida:
Dole ne igiyoyi su bi ka'idodi na wajibi da takaddun shaida a wurin aikin (misali, CCC a China, CE a EU, BS a Burtaniya, UL a Amurka).
5. Kudin Tattalin Arziki & Rayuwa
Kudin Zuba Jari na Farko: Kebul da na'urorin haɗi (haɗin gwiwa, ƙarewa) farashin.
Kudin shigarwa: Ya bambanta tare da girman kebul, nauyi, sassauci, da sauƙin shigarwa.
Kudin Aiki: Juriya na jagora yana haifar da asarar I²R. Manyan madugu sun fi tsada da farko amma suna rage hasara na dogon lokaci.
Kudin Kulawa: Dogara, igiyoyi masu ɗorewa suna da ƙarancin kulawa.
Rayuwar Sabis: Kebul masu inganci a cikin mahalli masu kyau na iya wuce shekaru 30+. Yi ƙima sosai don guje wa zabar ƙananan ƙayyadaddun igiyoyi ko marasa inganci bisa farashi na farko kawai.
6. Sauran la'akari
Jeri na Mataki & Alama: Don igiyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa ko shigarwa na lokaci-lokaci, tabbatar da daidaitaccen tsarin lokaci da lambar launi (kowace ƙa'idodin gida).
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfe da sulke dole ne a dogara da ƙasa (yawanci a ƙarshen duka) don aminci da aikin kariya.
Rarraba Rarraba: Yi la'akari da yuwuwar haɓakar kaya na gaba ko sauye-sauyen hanya, haɓaka ɓangaren giciye ko ajiyar keɓaɓɓun da'irori idan an buƙata.
Daidaitawa: Na'urorin haɗi na kebul (lugs, haɗin gwiwa, ƙarewa) dole ne su dace da nau'in kebul, ƙarfin lantarki, da girman madugu.
Qualification & Inganci: Zaɓi masana'anta masu inganci tare da ingantaccen inganci.
Don ingantaccen aiki da aminci, zaɓin kebul ɗin daidai yana tafiya tare da zabar kayan inganci. A DUNIYA DAYA, muna ba da cikakkiyar kewayon kayan aiki na waya da na USB - gami da mahalli masu rufewa, kayan sheathing, kaset, filler, da yarns - waɗanda aka keɓance don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ƙa'idodi, tallafawa amintaccen ƙirar ƙirar kebul da inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-15-2025