Zaren Aramid, wanda aka gajarta don zaren polyamide mai ƙanshi, an jera shi cikin zaren guda huɗu masu aiki masu kyau waɗanda aka fifita don haɓakawa a China, tare da zaren carbon, zaren polyethylene mai nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa (UHMWPE), da zaren basalt. Kamar nailan na yau da kullun, zaren aramid yana cikin dangin zaren polyamide, tare da haɗin amide a cikin babban sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Babban bambanci yana cikin haɗin: haɗin amide na nailan yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin aliphatic, yayin da na aramid ɗin an haɗa su da zoben benzene. Wannan tsarin kwayoyin halitta na musamman yana ba da zaren aramid mai ƙarfi sosai (>20cN/dtex) da modulus (>500GPa), wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kayan da aka fi so don ƙarfafa kebul masu ƙarfi.
Nau'ikan Zaren Aramid
Zaren AramidGalibi sun haɗa da zare-zaren polyamide mai ƙamshi gaba ɗaya da zare-zaren polyamide mai ƙamshi mai kama da heterocyclic, waɗanda za a iya ƙara rarraba su zuwa ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), da meta-aramid (PMTA). Daga cikin waɗannan, meta-aramid da para-aramid su ne waɗanda aka haɓaka a masana'antu. Daga mahangar tsarin kwayoyin halitta, babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan biyun yana cikin matsayin zaren carbon a cikin zoben benzene wanda aka haɗa haɗin amide ɗin. Wannan bambancin tsarin yana haifar da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen injiniya da kwanciyar hankali na zafi.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, ko poly(p-phenylene terephthalamid) (PPTA), wanda aka fi sani da shi a China da Aramid 1414, wani nau'in polymer ne mai tsayin layi wanda ke da sama da kashi 85% na haɗin amide ɗinsa kai tsaye da zoben aromatic. Kayayyakin para-aramid mafi nasara a kasuwanci sune Kevlar® na DuPont da Twaron® na Teijin, waɗanda suka mamaye kasuwar duniya. Shi ne zare na farko da aka taɓa samarwa ta amfani da maganin jujjuyawar polymer mai lu'ulu'u, wanda ya kawo sabon zamani na zare na roba masu aiki sosai. Dangane da halayen injiniya, ƙarfin taurinsa na iya kaiwa 3.0–3.6 GPa, modulus na roba 70–170 GPa, da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewa 2–4%. Waɗannan halaye na musamman suna ba shi fa'idodi marasa maye gurbinsu a cikin ƙarfafa kebul na gani, kariyar ballistic, da sauran fannoni.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, ko poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), wanda aka fi sani da shi a China da Aramid 1313, babban zare ne mai jure zafi mai yawa. Tsarin kwayoyin halittarsa ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin amide waɗanda ke haɗa zoben meta-phenylene, suna samar da sarkar layi mai zigzag wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar haɗin hydrogen mai ƙarfi a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta 3D. Wannan tsarin yana ba da zare tare da kyakkyawan juriyar harshen wuta, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, da juriyar radiation. Samfurin da aka saba samu shine DuPont's Nomex®, tare da Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) na 28-32, zafin canjin gilashi na kimanin 275°C, da kuma ci gaba da zafin aiki sama da 200°C, wanda hakan ya sa ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin kebul masu jure wuta da kayan kariya masu zafi.
Fitattun Kayayyakin Zaren Aramid
Zaren Aramid yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi sosai, ƙarfin modulus mai yawa, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga acid da alkali, ƙarancin nauyi, kariya daga tsufa, juriya ga tsawon rai, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, babu ɗigon narkewa yayin ƙonewa, da kuma fitar da iskar gas mara guba. Daga mahangar amfani da kebul, para-aramid ya fi ƙarfin meta-aramid a cikin juriya ga zafi, tare da kewayon zafin aiki na -196 zuwa 204°C kuma babu rugujewa ko narkewa a 500°C. Abubuwan da Para-aramid ya fi shahara sun haɗa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi sosai, ƙarfin modulus mai yawa, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga sinadarai, da ƙarancin yawa. Ƙarfinsa ya wuce 25 g/dtex—sau 5 zuwa 6 na ƙarfe mai inganci, sau 3 na fiberglass, da kuma sau biyu na zaren masana'antu na nailan mai ƙarfi. Modulus ɗinsa ya ninka na ƙarfe ko fiberglass sau 2-3 kuma sau 10 na nailan mai ƙarfi. Yana da tauri sau biyu fiye da wayar ƙarfe kuma yana da nauyin kusan 1/5 kawai, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace musamman don amfani da shi azaman ƙarfafawa a cikin kebul na gani, kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa, da sauran nau'ikan kebul masu inganci.
Kayan aikin Inji na Fiber Amid
Meta-aramid wani nau'in polymer ne mai sassauƙa wanda ƙarfin karyewa ya fi na polyester na yau da kullun, auduga, ko nailan ƙarfi. Yana da saurin tsawaitawa, jin taushin hannu, da kuma sauƙin juyawa, kuma ana iya samar da shi cikin gajerun zare ko zare masu bambancin denier. Ana iya juya shi zuwa yadi da waɗanda ba a saka ba ta amfani da injinan yadi na yau da kullun kuma a sarrafa shi don biyan buƙatun kariya na masana'antu daban-daban. A cikin rufin lantarki, halayen hana harshen wuta da juriya ga zafi na meta-aramid sun fito fili. Tare da LOI sama da 28, ba zai ci gaba da ƙonewa ba bayan ya bar harshen wuta. Juriyar harshen wuta tana da alaƙa da tsarin sinadarai, wanda hakan ke sa shi ya zama mai hana harshen wuta har abada - mai juriya ga asarar aiki saboda wankewa ko amfani da shi na dogon lokaci. Meta-aramid yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, tare da ci gaba da amfani a 205°C da riƙe ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ko da a yanayin zafi sama da 205°C. Zafin ruɓewarsa yana da yawa, kuma baya narkewa ko digowa a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kawai yana fara yin carbon sama da 370°C. Waɗannan kaddarorin sun sa ya zama mafi dacewa don rufewa da ƙarfafawa a cikin kebul masu zafi ko masu jure wa wuta.
Daidaiton Sinadaran Zaren Aramid
Meta-aramid yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga yawancin sinadarai da kuma ƙwayoyin da ba su da sinadarai masu yawa, kodayake yana da sauƙin amsawa ga ƙwayoyin sulfuric da nitric masu yawa. Hakanan yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga alkali a zafin ɗaki.
Juriyar Hasken Zaren Aramid
Meta-aramid yana nuna juriyar radiation mai ban mamaki. Misali, idan aka ɗauki tsawon lokaci ana fallasa shi ga hasken ultraviolet mai girman 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² da kuma hasken rad gamma mai girman 1.72×10⁸, ƙarfinsa ba ya canzawa. Wannan juriyar radiation mai ban mamaki ya sa ya dace musamman ga kebul da ake amfani da su a tashoshin wutar lantarki na nukiliya da kuma sararin samaniya.
Dorewa na Fiber Aramid
Meta-aramid kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga gogewa da sinadarai. Bayan wankewa sau 100, yadi da aka yi da meta-aramid da aka samar a cikin gida yana riƙe da sama da kashi 85% na ƙarfin tsagewa na asali. A aikace-aikacen kebul, wannan dorewa yana tabbatar da dorewar aikin injiniya da lantarki na dogon lokaci.
Aikace-aikacen Fiber na Aramid
Ana amfani da zare na Aramid sosai a masana'antar sararin samaniya, motoci, lantarki, gini, da wasanni ta kasar Sin saboda kyawawan halayensa na injiniya, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, da kuma daidaiton sinadarai. Ana daukarsa a matsayin muhimmin abu don ci gaban masana'antu masu inganci nan gaba. Musamman ma, aramid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin kebul na gani na sadarwa, kebul na wutar lantarki, kebul masu juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, kebul na karkashin ruwa, da kebul na musamman.
Filin Jirgin Sama da Soja
Zaren Aramid yana da ƙarancin yawa, ƙarfi mai yawa, da kuma juriyar tsatsa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sassan tsarin motocin sararin samaniya, kamar casings na motar roka da tsarin radome mai faɗi. Kayan haɗinsa suna nuna kyakkyawan juriyar tasiri da bayyananniyar raƙuman lantarki, suna rage nauyin jiragen sama sosai da haɓaka aminci. A ɓangaren tsaro, ana amfani da aramid a cikin riguna masu hana harsashi, kwalkwali, da kwantena masu jure fashewa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban abu ga ƙarni na gaba na kariya mai sauƙi na soja.
Fagen Gine-gine da Sufuri
A fannin gine-gine, ana amfani da zare aramid don ƙarfafa tsarin gini da tsarin kebul na gada saboda sauƙin sa, sassauci, da juriyar tsatsa. Yana da tasiri musamman wajen ƙarfafa tsarin da ba daidai ba. A fannin sufuri, ana amfani da aramid a cikin yadin igiyar taya don motoci da jiragen sama. Tayoyin da aka ƙarfafa Aramid suna ba da ƙarfi mai yawa, juriyar hudawa, juriyar zafi, da tsawon rai na aiki, suna biyan buƙatun aiki na motoci da jiragen sama na zamani masu sauri.
Masana'antar Lantarki, Lantarki, da Kebul
Fiber na Aramid yana da amfani mai yawa a fannin samar da wutar lantarki, lantarki, da kuma kera waya da kebul, musamman a fannoni kamar haka:
Membobin Tashin Hankali a cikin Kebul ɗin gani: Tare da ƙarfin tashin Hankali mai ƙarfi da modulus, zare na aramid yana aiki azaman memba na tashin Hankali a cikin kebul na gani na sadarwa, yana kare zare na gani masu laushi daga nakasa a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali da kuma tabbatar da watsa sigina mai ƙarfi.
Ƙarfafawa a Wayoyin Kebul: A cikin kebul na musamman, kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa, kebul na wutar lantarki, da kebul masu jure zafi mai yawa, aramid galibi ana amfani da shi azaman abin ƙarfafawa na tsakiya ko layin sulke. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfafa ƙarfe, aramid yana ba da ƙarfi mafi girma a ƙaramin nauyi, yana ƙara ƙarfin juriyar kebul da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya sosai.
Rufewa da Rage Wuta: Haɗaɗɗun Aramid suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na dielectric da thermal. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin yadudduka na rufin kebul, jaket masu hana wuta, da kuma murfin hayaki mai ƙarancin halogen. Takardar Aramid, bayan an saka ta da varnish mai hana wuta, ana haɗa ta da mica na halitta don amfani a cikin injunan da transformers masu jure zafi mai yawa.
Kebul ɗin Sufuri Mai Juriya da Gobara: Tsarin juriyar harshen wuta da kuma jure zafi da ke tattare da zare na Aramid ya sa ya dace a yi amfani da shi a cikin kebul na jirgin ruwa, kebul na sufuri na jirgin ƙasa, da kebul masu jure wuta na nukiliya, inda ƙa'idodin aminci suka yi tsauri.
EMC da Sauƙin Nauyi: Kyakkyawan bayyanar lantarki na Aramid da ƙarancin dielectric constant sun sa ya dace da yadudduka na kariya na EMI, radomes na radar, da abubuwan haɗin kai na optoelectronic, suna taimakawa wajen inganta jituwa ta lantarki da rage nauyin tsarin.
Sauran Aikace-aikace
Saboda yawan zoben ƙamshi da ke cikinsa, zare na aramid yana ba da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da juriya ga tsatsa, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da igiyoyin ruwa, kebul na haƙa mai, da kebul na gani na sama a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan wasanni masu kyau, kayan kariya, da faifan birki na mota, kuma ana ƙara ɗaukarsa a matsayin madadin asbestos mai kyau ga muhalli a cikin hatimin rufewa da aikace-aikacen rufi, allunan rufi na zafi, da sauran abubuwan rufewa, wanda ke tabbatar da aiki da amincin muhalli.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-31-2025