Aramid fiber, gajeriyar fiber polyamide aromatic, an jera shi a cikin manyan filaye masu inganci guda huɗu waɗanda aka ba da fifiko don haɓakawa a cikin Sin, tare da fiber carbon, fiber polyethylene ultra high-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), da fiber basalt. Kamar nailan na yau da kullun, fiber aramid yana cikin dangin polyamide fibers, tare da haɗin amide a cikin babban sarkar kwayoyin halitta. Bambanci mai mahimmanci ya ta'allaka ne a cikin haɗin kai: nailan's amide bonds suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin aliphatic, yayin da aramid's yana haɗuwa da zoben benzene. Wannan tsarin kwayoyin halitta na musamman yana ba da fiber aramid matsanancin ƙarfin axial (> 20cN / dtex) da modulus (> 500GPa), yana mai da shi kayan da aka fi so don ƙarfafa igiyoyi masu tsayi.
Nau'in Aramid Fiber
Aramid fibergalibi ya haɗa da fibers polyamide gabaɗaya aromatic fibers da heterocyclic aromatic polyamide fibers, waɗanda za'a iya ƙarawa zuwa cikin ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), da meta-aramid (PMTA). Daga cikin waɗannan, meta-aramid da para-aramid sune waɗanda aka haɓaka masana'antu. Daga tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan biyun ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matsayi na carbon atom a cikin zoben benzene wanda haɗin amide ke haɗe zuwa gare shi. Wannan bambance-bambancen tsarin yana haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin kayan aikin injiniya da kwanciyar hankali na thermal.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, ko poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), wanda kuma aka sani a kasar Sin kamar yadda Aramid 1414, babban polymer ne na linzamin kwamfuta tare da fiye da 85% na haɗin gwiwar amide kai tsaye yana da alaƙa da zoben aromatic. Mafi kyawun samfuran para-aramid na kasuwanci sune DuPont's Kevlar® da Teijin's Twaron®, waɗanda ke mamaye kasuwannin duniya. Ita ce fiber na farko da aka taɓa samarwa ta amfani da maganin kadi na kristal na ruwa, yana haifar da sabon zamani na filayen roba masu inganci. Dangane da kaddarorin inji, ƙarfin ƙarfinsa zai iya kaiwa 3.0-3.6 GPa, modulus na roba 70-170 GPa, da elongation a karya 2-4%. Waɗannan halaye na musamman suna ba shi fa'idodin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin kebul na gani, kariyar ballistic, da sauran filayen.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, ko poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), kuma aka sani a kasar Sin kamar yadda Aramid 1313, shi ne babban zafin jiki mai jurewa kwayoyin fiber. Tsarinsa na kwayoyin halitta ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin amide masu haɗa zoben meta-phenylene, suna samar da sarkar madaidaiciyar zigzag da aka daidaita ta hanyar haɗin haɗin hydrogen intermolecular mai ƙarfi a cikin hanyar sadarwar 3D. Wannan tsarin yana ba da fiber tare da kyakkyawan jinkirin harshen wuta, kwanciyar hankali na thermal, da juriya na radiation. Samfurin na yau da kullun shine DuPont's Nomex®, tare da Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) na 28-32, zafin canjin gilashin kusan 275 ° C, da ci gaba da zafin sabis sama da 200 ° C, yana mai da shi yadu amfani a cikin igiyoyi masu jure wuta da kayan rufin zafi mai zafi.
Fitattun Properties na Aramid Fiber
Aramid fiber yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, babban modulus, juriya mai zafi, juriya acid da alkali, ƙarancin nauyi, rufi, juriyar tsufa, sake zagayowar rayuwa, kwanciyar hankali sinadarai, babu narkakkar digo yayin konewa, da iskar gas mara guba. Daga yanayin aikace-aikacen kebul, para-aramid ya fi ƙarfin meta-aramid a cikin juriya na thermal, tare da ci gaba da kewayon zafin sabis na -196 zuwa 204°C kuma babu lalacewa ko narkewa a 500°C. Fitattun kaddarorin Para-aramid sun haɗa da ultra-high ƙarfi, maɗaukakin maɗaukaki, juriya mai zafi, juriya na sinadarai, da ƙarancin ƙima. Ƙarfinsa ya wuce 25 g/dtex—5 zuwa 6 sau na ƙarfe mai inganci, sau 3 na fiberglass, kuma sau biyu na yarn masana'antu na nailan mai ƙarfi. Modulolinsa sau 2-3 na karfe ko fiberglass kuma sau 10 na nailan mai ƙarfi. Yana da ƙarfi sau biyu kamar wayar karfe kuma yana auna kusan 1/5 kawai, yana mai da shi dacewa da kyau don amfani da shi azaman ƙarfafawa a cikin kebul na gani, igiyoyin ruwa na ruwa, da sauran nau'ikan kebul masu tsayi.
Kayayyakin Injini na Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid shine polymer mai sassauƙa tare da karyewar ƙarfi sama da polyester na yau da kullun, auduga, ko nailan. Yana da babban elongation kudi, taushi hannu ji, mai kyau spinnability, kuma za a iya samar a cikin gajeren zaruruwa ko filaments na sãɓãwar launukansa musun. Ana iya jujjuya shi a cikin yadudduka da maras saka ta amfani da daidaitattun injunan yadi da sarrafa shi don biyan buƙatun kariya na masana'antu daban-daban. A cikin rufin lantarki, meta-aramid's flame-retardant da kaddarorin masu jure zafi sun fito waje. Tare da LOI fiye da 28, ba zai ci gaba da ƙonewa ba bayan barin harshen wuta. Juriyar harshen sa yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin sinadarai, yana mai da shi mai kare harshen wuta har abada-mai jurewa asarar aiki saboda wanka ko amfani na dogon lokaci. Meta-aramid yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na thermal, tare da ci gaba da amfani da shi a 205 ° C da ƙarfin riƙe ƙarfi ko da a yanayin zafi sama da 205 ° C. Yanayin ruɓewarsa yana da girma, kuma ba ya narke ko digo a yanayin zafi mai zafi, kawai yana farawa da carbonize sama da 370 ° C. Wadannan kaddarorin sun sa ya dace don rufi da ƙarfafawa a cikin igiyoyi masu zafi ko wuta.
Tsawon Sinadarai na Fiber Aramid
Meta-aramid yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga mafi yawan sinadarai da tattarawar inorganic acid, ko da yake yana da kula da tattarawar sulfuric da nitric acid. Hakanan yana da juriya na alkali mai kyau a yanayin zafi.
Radiation Resistance na Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid yana nuna juriya na musamman. Misali, karkashin tsawan tsayin daka zuwa 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² hasken ultraviolet da 1.72×10⁸ rad gamma haskoki, ƙarfinsa ya kasance baya canzawa. Wannan fitaccen juriya na radiation ya sa ya dace musamman ga igiyoyin igiyoyi da ake amfani da su a tashoshin makamashin nukiliya da jiragen sama.
Karfin Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya da juriya na sinadarai. Bayan wankewa 100, masana'anta da aka yi daga cikin gida meta-aramid suna riƙe sama da kashi 85% na ƙarfin hawayensa na asali. A cikin aikace-aikacen USB, wannan dorewa yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na inji da na lantarki na dogon lokaci.
Aikace-aikace na Aramid Fiber
Ana amfani da fiber Aramid sosai a cikin sararin samaniyar kasar Sin, da kera motoci, da lantarki, da gine-gine, da masana'antun wasanni, saboda kyawawan kaddarorin injina, da juriya mai zafi, da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban abu don ci gaban masana'antu masu girma a nan gaba. Musamman ma, aramid yana taka rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a fagen sadarwa na igiyoyi na gani, igiyoyin wutar lantarki, igiyoyi masu tsayayya da zafi, igiyoyin ruwa na ruwa, da igiyoyi na musamman.
Filin Jiragen Sama Da Sojoji
Fiber Aramid yana da ƙarancin ƙima, ƙarfin ƙarfi, da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata. Ana amfani da shi ko'ina a cikin sassan tsarin motocin sararin samaniya, kamar su roka da sigar radome na faɗaɗa. Kayayyakin sa na haɗe-haɗe suna nuna kyakkyawan juriya na tasiri da kuma fayyace kalaman lantarki na lantarki, suna rage nauyin jirgin sama sosai da haɓaka aminci. A bangaren tsaro, ana amfani da aramid a cikin riguna masu hana harsashi, kwalkwali, da kwantena masu jure fashewa, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban abu ga ƙarni na gaba na kariyar soja mara nauyi.
Filayen Gina da Sufuri
A cikin masana'antar gine-gine, ana amfani da fiber aramid don ƙarfafa tsarin da tsarin kebul na gada saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi, sassauci, da juriya na lalata. Yana da tasiri musamman a ƙarfafa tsarin da ba daidai ba. A cikin sufuri, ana amfani da aramid a cikin yadudduka na taya don motoci da jirgin sama. Tayoyin ƙarfafa Aramid suna ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai huda, juriya mai zafi, da tsawon rayuwar sabis, suna biyan buƙatun manyan motoci da jiragen sama na zamani.
Lantarki, Lantarki, da Masana'antar Kebul
Aramid fiber yana da fitattun aikace-aikace a cikin lantarki, lantarki, da kuma sassan masana'antar kebul, musamman a cikin waɗannan yankuna:
Membobin Tensile a cikin Kebul na gani: Tare da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da modulus, fiber aramid yana aiki azaman memba na tensile a cikin kebul na gani na sadarwa, yana kare ƙaƙƙarfan fibers na gani daga nakasu a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali da tabbatar da ingantaccen watsa sigina.
Ƙarfafawa a cikin igiyoyi: A cikin kebul na musamman, igiyoyin ruwa na ruwa, igiyoyin wutar lantarki, da igiyoyi masu tsayayyar zafin jiki, aramid ana amfani da shi azaman ɓangaren ƙarfafa tsakiya ko Layer sulke. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfafawar ƙarfe, aramid yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a ƙaramin nauyi, yana haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfi na USB da kwanciyar hankali na inji.
Rushewa da Tsayawa Harshe: Aramid composites suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na dielectric da thermal kwanciyar hankali. Ana amfani da su ko'ina a cikin yadudduka na kebul, jaket masu kare wuta, da sheathing mara ƙarancin hayaƙi mara halogen. Takardar Aramid, bayan an yi mata ciki da varnish, an haɗa ta da mica na halitta don amfani da su a cikin injina da masu canjin zafin jiki.
Wuta-Resistant da Rail Transit Cables: Aramid fiber na asali harshen juriya da zafi haƙuri sa shi manufa domin amfani a cikin jirgin ruwa igiyoyi, dogo igiyoyi na dogo, da makaman nukiliya-jure igiyoyin wuta, inda aminci nagartacce ne stringent.
EMC da Lightweighting: Aramid's kyakkyawar fa'ida ta lantarki da ƙarancin wutar lantarki ya sa ya dace da yadudduka na garkuwar EMI, radar radomes, da abubuwan haɗin kai na optoelectronic, yana taimakawa haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki da rage nauyin tsarin.
Sauran Aikace-aikace
Saboda babban abun ciki na zobe na kamshi, fiber aramid yana ba da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da juriya na lalata, yana sa ya dace da igiyoyin ruwa, igiyoyin hako mai, da kebul na gani na gani a sama a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Hakanan ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin kayan wasanni masu ƙima, kayan kariya, da pad ɗin birki na mota, kuma ana ƙara samun karɓuwa azaman madadin yanayin muhalli ga asbestos a cikin rufewa da aikace-aikacen rufewa, bangarorin bangon thermal, da sauran abubuwan rufewa, yana tabbatar da aiki da amincin muhalli.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-31-2025