A cikin kayayyakin waya da kebul, tsarin kariya ya kasu kashi biyu daban-daban: kariyar lantarki da kariyar filin lantarki. Ana amfani da kariyar lantarki ne musamman don hana kebul na sigina mai yawan mita (kamar kebul na RF da kebul na lantarki) haifar da tsangwama ga muhallin waje ko kuma don toshe raƙuman lantarki na waje daga tsangwama ga kebul masu watsa raƙuman ruwa masu rauni (kamar kebul na sigina da aunawa), da kuma rage tsangwama tsakanin kebul. Kariyar filin lantarki, a gefe guda, an tsara ta ne don daidaita filayen lantarki masu ƙarfi akan saman jagora ko saman rufin kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaici da babban ƙarfin lantarki.
1. Tsarin da Bukatun Layukan Kariyar Filin Lantarki
An raba kariyar kebul na wutar lantarki zuwa garkuwar jagora, kariyar rufi, da kariyar ƙarfe. Dangane da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa, kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da 0.6/1 kV ya kamata su sami layin kariyar ƙarfe, wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga tsakiya na musamman ko kuma babban kebul na gaba ɗaya. Ga kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma na akalla 3.6/6 kV ta amfani da kariyar XLPE (polyethylene mai alaƙa da juna), ko kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma na akalla 3.6/6 kV ta amfani da kariyar roba mai siriri ta EPR (ethylene propylene roba) (ko kauri mai kauri mai ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma na akalla 6/10 kV), ana kuma buƙatar tsarin kariyar ciki da waje.
(1) Kariyar Mai Gudanarwa da Kariyar Rufewa
Kariyar Mai Gudanarwa (Kariyar Mai Gudanar da Haraji ta Cikin Gida): Wannan bai kamata ya zama na ƙarfe ba, wanda ya ƙunshi kayan da ke amfani da semi-conductive ko haɗin tef ɗin semi-conductive da aka naɗe a kusa da mai gudanarwa sannan sai kayan da ke amfani da semi-conductive da aka fitar.
Kariyar Rufewa (Kariyar Semi-Conductive ta Waje): Ana fitar da wannan kai tsaye zuwa saman waje na kowace core mai rufi kuma an haɗa shi sosai da ko kuma ana iya cire shi daga layin rufi.
Ya kamata a haɗa layukan ciki da na waje na semi-conductive da aka fitar da su sosai da rufin, tare da santsi mai kyau wanda ba shi da alamun zare mai jagora, gefuna masu kaifi, barbashi, ƙonewa, ko ƙarce-ƙarce. Ya kamata juriyar kafin da bayan tsufa kada ta wuce 1000 Ω·m ga layin kariyar mai jagoranci kuma kada ta wuce 500 Ω·m ga layin kariyar mai rufi.
Ana yin kayan kariya na ciki da waje na semi-conductive ta hanyar haɗa kayan rufewa masu dacewa (kamar polyethylene mai haɗin gwiwa (XLPE) da robar ethylene propylene (EPR)) tare da ƙarin abubuwa kamar carbon black, magungunan hana tsufa, da ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Ya kamata a rarraba ƙwayoyin baƙar carbon daidai a cikin polymer, ba tare da haɗuwa ko warwatsewa mara kyau ba.
Kauri na yadudduka masu kariya na ciki da waje na semi-conductive yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Tunda ƙarfin filin lantarki akan layin kariya ya fi girma a ciki da ƙasa a waje, kauri na yadudduka masu kariya na semi-conductive yakamata ya zama mai kauri a ciki da kuma siriri a waje. Ga kebul masu ƙimar 6~10~35 kV, kauri na ciki yawanci yana tsakanin 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8 mm.
(2) Kariyar Karfe
Kebulan da ƙarfin lantarki ya fi 0.6/1 kV ya kamata su sami layin kariya na ƙarfe. Ya kamata layin kariya na ƙarfe ya rufe wajen kowace cibiyar da aka rufe ko kuma tsakiyar kebul. Kariyar ƙarfe na iya ƙunsar tef ɗaya ko fiye na ƙarfe, kitso na ƙarfe, layukan waya na ƙarfe masu ma'ana, ko haɗin wayoyi da tef na ƙarfe.
A Turai da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, inda ake amfani da tsarin da'ira biyu masu juriya da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na gajerun hanyoyi sun fi yawa, galibi ana amfani da kariyar waya ta jan ƙarfe. A China, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai da'ira ɗaya mai hana arc coil ya fi yawa, don haka galibi ana amfani da kariyar tef ɗin jan ƙarfe. Masu kera kebul suna sarrafa tef ɗin jan ƙarfe masu tauri da aka saya ta hanyar yankewa da kuma rufe su don su laushi kafin amfani. Tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai laushi dole ne ya bi ƙa'idar GB/T11091-2005 "Tef ɗin jan ƙarfe don kebul".
Kariyar tef ɗin tagulla ya kamata ta ƙunshi layi ɗaya na tef ɗin tagulla mai laushi da aka rufe ko kuma layuka biyu na tef ɗin tagulla mai laushi da aka naɗe da rata. Matsakaicin ƙimar haɗuwa ya kamata ya zama kashi 15% na faɗin tef ɗin, tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar haɗuwa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5%. Kauri na tef ɗin tagulla bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.12 mm ga kebul na tsakiya ɗaya ba, kuma bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.10 mm ga kebul na tsakiya da yawa ba. Mafi ƙarancin kauri ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 90% na ƙimar asali.
Kariyar wayar tagulla ta ƙunshi wayoyi masu laushi na jan ƙarfe waɗanda aka yi musu rauni, tare da ɗaure saman da wayoyi ko tef ɗin jan ƙarfe da aka naɗe a baya. Ya kamata juriyarsa ta yi daidai da ƙa'idar GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", kuma ya kamata a ƙayyade yankin giciye na musamman bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki.
2. Ayyukan Kariyar Layers da Alaƙarsu da Matsayin Wutar Lantarki
(1) Ayyukan Kariyar Ciki da Waje ta Semi-Conductive
Masu sarrafa kebul yawanci suna ƙunshe da wayoyi da yawa da suka makale kuma suka matse. A lokacin fitar da iskar gas, gibin gida, burrs, ko rashin daidaituwar saman da ke tsakanin saman mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da layin mai sanyaya iska na iya haifar da yawan wutar lantarki, wanda ke haifar da fitar da iskar gas da kuma fitar da bishiyoyi, wanda ke lalata aikin wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar fitar da wani yanki na kayan mai sanyaya iska (kariyar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki) tsakanin saman mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da layin mai sanyaya iska, yana iya ɗaurewa sosai da rufin. Tunda layin mai samar da iskar gas yana da irin ƙarfin mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, duk wani gibin da ke tsakaninsu ba zai fuskanci tasirin filin lantarki ba, don haka hana fitar da iskar gas daga wani bangare.
Hakazalika, gibin da ke tsakanin saman rufin waje da murfin ƙarfe (ko kariyar ƙarfe) shi ma zai iya haifar da fitar da wani ɓangare, musamman a mafi girman ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki. Ta hanyar fitar da wani yanki na kayan da ke da ƙarfin lantarki (kariyar rufi) a saman rufin waje, yana samar da saman kayan aiki tare da murfin ƙarfe, yana kawar da tasirin filin lantarki a cikin gibin kuma yana hana fitar da wani ɓangare.
(2) Ayyukan Kariyar Karfe
Ayyukan kariyar ƙarfe sun haɗa da: gudanar da kwararar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, yin aiki a matsayin hanya don kwararar wutar lantarki ta gajere (lalacewa), killace filin lantarki a cikin rufin (rage tsangwama na lantarki ga muhallin waje), da kuma tabbatar da filayen lantarki iri ɗaya (filayen lantarki na radial). A cikin tsarin waya huɗu masu matakai uku, yana kuma aiki a matsayin layin tsaka-tsaki, yana ɗauke da kwararar wutar lantarki marasa daidaito, kuma yana ba da hana ruwa shiga radial.
3. Game da Kebul na OW
A matsayinmu na babban mai samar da kayan aiki na waya da kebul, OW Cable tana samar da ingantaccen polyethylene mai haɗin gwiwa (XLPE), tef ɗin jan ƙarfe, wayoyi na jan ƙarfe, da sauran kayan kariya da ake amfani da su sosai wajen kera kebul na wutar lantarki, kebul na sadarwa, da kebul na musamman. Kayayyakinmu sun dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya, kuma mun himmatu wajen samar da ingantattun hanyoyin kariya na kebul ga abokan cinikinmu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-24-2025