Tsarin asali na waya da kebul ya haɗa da jagora, rufi, kariya, murfin da sauran sassa.
1. Mai jagoranci
Aiki: Mai gudanarwa wani ɓangare ne na waya da kebul wanda ke watsa makamashin lantarki (magnetic), bayanai da kuma aiwatar da takamaiman ayyuka na canza makamashin lantarki.
Kayan Aiki: Akwai galibin masu sarrafa wutar lantarki marasa rufi, kamar jan ƙarfe, aluminum, ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, ƙarfe mai ƙarfe; masu sarrafa wutar lantarki masu rufi da ƙarfe, kamar jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe mai azurfa, jan ƙarfe mai nickel; masu sarrafa wutar lantarki masu rufi da ƙarfe, kamar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe mai aluminum, ƙarfe mai aluminum, da sauransu.
2. Rufe fuska
Aiki: Ana naɗe layin rufewa a kusa da mai jagora ko ƙarin layin mai jagoran (kamar tef ɗin mica mai jurewa), kuma aikinsa shine ya ware mai jagoran daga ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki da ya dace da kuma hana kwararar iska.
Kayan da aka fi amfani da su don rufin da aka fitar sune polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene mai haɗin giciye (XLPE), polyolefin mai hana halogen mai ƙarancin hayaki (LSZH/HFFR), fluoroplastics, elasticity thermoplastic (TPE), robar silicone (SR), robar ethylene propylene (EPM/EPDM), da sauransu.
3. Kariya
Aiki: Tsarin kariya da ake amfani da shi a cikin kayayyakin waya da kebul a zahiri yana da ra'ayoyi biyu daban-daban.
Da farko, tsarin wayoyi da kebul da ke watsa raƙuman lantarki masu yawan mitoci (kamar mitoci na rediyo, kebul na lantarki) ko kuma raƙuman ruwa masu rauni (kamar kebul na sigina) ana kiransu da kariyar lantarki. Manufar ita ce a toshe tsangwamar raƙuman lantarki na waje, ko kuma a hana siginar mita mai yawa a cikin kebul shiga duniyar waje, da kuma hana tsangwama tsakanin nau'ikan waya.
Na biyu, tsarin kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaicin ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki don daidaita filin lantarki a saman jagora ko saman rufi ana kiransa da kariyar filin lantarki. A taƙaice dai, kariyar filin lantarki ba ta buƙatar aikin "kariya", amma kawai tana taka rawar daidaita filin lantarki. Kariyar da ke kewaye da kebul yawanci ana yin ta ne a ƙasa.
* Tsarin kariyar lantarki da kayan aiki
① Kariyar da aka yi wa kitso: galibi ana amfani da wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai, wayar jan ƙarfe mai rufi da tin, wayar jan ƙarfe mai rufi da azurfa, wayar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe da magnesium, tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai faɗi, tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai rufi da azurfa, da sauransu don a yi kitso a wajen tsakiyar da aka rufe, wayar hannu ko tsakiyar kebul;
② Kariyar tef ɗin tagulla: yi amfani da tef ɗin tagulla mai laushi don rufewa ko naɗewa a tsaye a wajen tsakiyar kebul ɗin;
③ Kariyar tef ɗin ƙarfe mai haɗaka: yi amfani da foil ɗin aluminum Tef ɗin Mylar ko foil ɗin jan ƙarfe Tef ɗin Mylar don naɗe ko naɗe wayar ko tsakiyar kebul a tsaye;
④ Kariyar da ta dace: Aiwatar da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban na kariya. Misali, naɗewa (1-4) siririn wayoyi na jan ƙarfe a tsaye bayan naɗewa da foil ɗin aluminum. Wayoyin jan ƙarfe na iya ƙara tasirin watsawa na kariya;
⑤ Kariyar da aka raba + kariyar gaba ɗaya: kowace waya ko rukuni na wayoyi ana kare ta da foil ɗin aluminum. Tef ɗin Mylar ko wayar jan ƙarfe da aka niƙa daban, sannan a ƙara tsarin kariyar gaba ɗaya bayan an yi kebul;
⑥ Kariyar Naɗewa: Yi amfani da siririn waya ta jan ƙarfe, tef ɗin jan ƙarfe, da sauransu don naɗewa a kusa da tsakiyar waya mai rufi, haɗin waya ko tsakiyar kebul.
* Tsarin kariyar filin lantarki da kayan aiki
Kariyar Semi-gudanarwa: Ga kebul na wutar lantarki na 6kV zuwa sama, an haɗa siririn kariyar semi-gudanarwa zuwa saman mai jagora da kuma saman mai rufi. Kariyar mai jagora wani yanki ne na semi-gudanarwa da aka fitar. Kariyar mai jagora mai sashe na 500mm² zuwa sama gabaɗaya an haɗa shi da tef ɗin semi-gudanarwa da kuma Layer semi-gudanarwa da aka fitar. Layer ɗin kariya mai rufi tsarin extruded ne;
Naɗe wayar jan ƙarfe: Ana amfani da wayar jan ƙarfe mai zagaye galibi don naɗewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana ɗaure layin waje da tef ɗin jan ƙarfe ko wayar jan ƙarfe. Wannan nau'in tsari galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin kebul masu babban wutar lantarki ta hanyar gajeriyar hanya, kamar wasu manyan kebul na 35kV. kebul na wutar lantarki mai core ɗaya;
Naɗe tef ɗin jan ƙarfe: naɗewa da tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai laushi;
④ Murfin aluminum mai laushi: Yana ɗaukar zafi extrusion ko tef ɗin aluminum nadewa a tsaye, walda, embossing, da sauransu. Wannan nau'in kariya yana da kyakkyawan toshewar ruwa, kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don kebul na wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi.
4. Kurfi
Aikin murfin shine kare kebul, kuma zuciyar shine kare rufin. Saboda yanayin amfani da ke canzawa koyaushe, yanayin amfani da buƙatun mai amfani. Saboda haka, nau'ikan, siffofin tsari da buƙatun aiki na tsarin murfin suma sun bambanta, waɗanda za a iya taƙaita su zuwa rukuni uku:
Ɗaya shine a kare yanayin yanayi na waje, ƙarfin injina na lokaci-lokaci, da kuma babban kariya wanda ke buƙatar kariya ta rufewa gaba ɗaya (kamar hana kutsewar tururin ruwa da iskar gas mai cutarwa); Idan akwai babban ƙarfin waje na injiniya ko kuma yana ɗauke da nauyin kebul, dole ne a sami tsarin Layer mai kariya na Layer ɗin sulke na ƙarfe; na uku shine tsarin Layer mai kariya tare da buƙatu na musamman.
Saboda haka, tsarin murfin waya da kebul gabaɗaya ya kasu kashi biyu manyan sassa: murfin (hannun riga) da murfin waje. Tsarin murfin ciki abu ne mai sauƙi, yayin da murfin waje ya haɗa da layin sulke na ƙarfe da layin ciki (don hana layin sulke lalata layin murfin ciki), da murfin waje wanda shine don kare layin sulke, da sauransu. Don buƙatu daban-daban na musamman kamar hana harshen wuta, juriya ga wuta, hana kwari (tururuwa), hana dabba (cizon bera, peck na tsuntsu), da sauransu, yawancinsu ana magance su ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai daban-daban a cikin murfin waje; wasu dole ne su ƙara abubuwan da suka zama dole a cikin tsarin murfin waje.
Kayan da aka fi amfani da su sune:
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyperfluoroethylene propylene (FEP), polyolefin mai hana halogen mai ƙarancin hayaki (LSZH/HFFR), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE)
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-30-2022