Kariyar da ake amfani da ita a cikin kayayyakin waya da kebul tana da ra'ayoyi guda biyu daban-daban: kariyar lantarki da kariyar filin lantarki. Kariyar lantarki an tsara ta ne don hana kebul masu watsa sigina masu yawan mita (kamar kebul na RF da kebul na lantarki) haifar da tsangwama daga waje ko kuma don toshe raƙuman lantarki na waje daga tsangwama ga kebul waɗanda ke watsa raƙuman ruwa masu rauni (kamar sigina ko kebul na aunawa), da kuma rage magana tsakanin wayoyi. Kariyar filin lantarki an tsara ta ne don daidaita ƙarfin filin lantarki akan saman jagora ko saman rufin kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaici da babban ƙarfin lantarki.
1. Tsarin da Bukatun Layukan Kariyar Filin Lantarki
Kariyar kebul na wutar lantarki ta haɗa da kariyar jagora, kariyar rufi, da kariyar ƙarfe. Dangane da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa, kebul masu ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da 0.6/1kV ya kamata su sami layin kariyar ƙarfe, wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga kowane tsakiya mai rufi ko kuma ga tsakiyar kebul mai ɗaure da yawa. Ga kebul masu rufi da XLPE masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ba ƙasa da 3.6/6kV da kuma igiyoyi masu siriri na EPR masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ba ƙasa da 3.6/6kV ba (ko igiyoyi masu kauri masu rufi da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙima ba ƙasa da 6/10kV ba), ana buƙatar tsarin kariyar ciki da waje na rabin-gudanarwa.
(1) Kariyar Mai Gudanarwa da Kariyar Rufewa
Kariyar mai jagoranci (kariyar ciki ta semi-gudanarwa) ya kamata ta kasance ba ta ƙarfe ba, wadda ta ƙunshi kayan semi-gudanarwa da aka fitar ko kuma tef ɗin semi-gudanarwa da aka naɗe a kusa da mai gudanarwa sannan sai wani Layer na semi-gudanarwa da aka fitar.
Kariyar rufi (kariyar waje ta semi-conductive) wani yanki ne da ba na ƙarfe ba wanda aka fitar kai tsaye zuwa saman waje na kowane core mai rufi, wanda ko dai za a iya ɗaure shi da ƙarfi ko kuma a cire shi daga rufin. Ya kamata a haɗa yadudduka na ciki da na waje na semi-conductive da aka fitar da su sosai da rufin, tare da santsi mai haɗawa, babu alamun zare a bayyane, kuma babu gefuna masu kaifi, barbashi, alamun ƙonewa, ko ƙarce. Juriyar kafin da bayan tsufa bai kamata ta wuce 1000 Ω·m ba ga layin kariyar jagora da kuma 500 Ω·m don layin kariyar rufi.
Ana yin kayan kariya na ciki da waje na semi-conductive ta hanyar haɗa kayan kariya masu dacewa (kamar polyethylene mai haɗin giciye, robar ethylene-propylene, da sauransu) da carbon black, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, da sauran ƙarin abubuwa. Ya kamata a rarraba ƙwayoyin baƙar carbon a cikin polymer ɗin gaba ɗaya, ba tare da haɗuwa ko warwatsewa mai kyau ba.
Kauri na yadudduka masu kariya na ciki da waje suna ƙaruwa tare da matakin ƙarfin lantarki. Saboda ƙarfin filin lantarki akan layin kariya yana da girma a ciki da ƙasa a waje, kauri na yadudduka masu kariya na semi-gudanarwa suma ya kamata su fi girma a ciki fiye da waje. A da, an yi wa kariya na semi-gudanarwa na waje kauri kaɗan fiye da na ciki don hana karcewa saboda rashin kyawun sarrafa sag ko hudawa da tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai tauri ya haifar. Yanzu, tare da sa ido kan sag ta atomatik akan layi da tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai laushi, ya kamata a yi Layer na kariya na semi-gudanarwa na ciki ya ɗan yi kauri kaɗan ko daidai da Layer na waje. Ga kebul na 6-10-35 kV, kauri na Layer na ciki gabaɗaya shine 0.5-0.6-0.8 mm.
(2) Kariyar ƙarfe
Kebulan da ƙarfin lantarki ya fi 0.6/1kV ya kamata su sami layin kariya na ƙarfe. Ya kamata a shafa layin kariya na ƙarfe a kan kowace tsakiya ko tsakiyar kebul. Kariyar ƙarfe ya kamata ta ƙunshi tef ɗaya ko fiye na ƙarfe, kitso na ƙarfe, layukan waya masu ma'ana, ko haɗin wayoyin ƙarfe da tef ɗin ƙarfe.
A Turai da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, saboda amfani da tsarin da'ira biyu masu juriya tare da manyan kwararar wutar lantarki ta gajeru, ana yawan amfani da kariyar waya ta jan ƙarfe. Wasu masana'antun suna saka wayoyi na jan ƙarfe a cikin murfin rabuwa ko murfin waje don rage diamita na kebul. A China, ban da wasu manyan ayyuka waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin da'ira biyu masu juriya, yawancin tsarin suna amfani da kayan wutar lantarki na da'ira ɗaya mai ƙarfi, wanda ke iyakance kwararar wutar lantarki ta gajeru zuwa mafi ƙarancin, don haka ana iya amfani da kariyar tef ɗin jan ƙarfe. Masana'antar kebul suna sarrafa tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai tauri da aka saya ta hanyar yankewa da kuma rufewa don cimma wani ƙarfi da tsayi (tauri da yawa zai iya goge layin kariyar rufi, mai laushi sosai zai yi lanƙwasa) kafin amfani. Tef ɗin jan ƙarfe mai laushi ya kamata ya bi ka'idar GB/T11091-2005 Tef ɗin jan ƙarfe don Kebul.
Kariyar tef ɗin tagulla ya kamata ta ƙunshi layi ɗaya na tef ɗin tagulla mai laushi da aka rufe ko kuma layuka biyu na tef ɗin tagulla mai laushi da aka naɗe da helical tare da gibba. Matsakaicin ƙimar haɗuwa na tef ɗin tagulla ya kamata ya zama 15% na faɗinsa (ƙimar da aka ƙayyade), kuma mafi ƙarancin ƙimar haɗuwa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5%. Kauri na tef ɗin tagulla ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 0.12 mm ga kebul na tsakiya ɗaya da aƙalla 0.10 mm ga kebul na tsakiya da yawa. Mafi ƙarancin kauri na tef ɗin tagulla bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 90% na ƙimar da aka ƙayyade ba. Dangane da diamita na waje na kariyar rufi (≤25 mm ko >25 mm), faɗin tef ɗin tagulla yawanci shine 30-35 mm.
An yi garkuwar wayar jan ƙarfe da wayoyi masu laushi na jan ƙarfe, waɗanda aka ɗaure da naɗewa ta hanyar amfani da wayoyi na jan ƙarfe ko tef ɗin jan ƙarfe. Ya kamata juriyarsa ta cika buƙatun masu kula da kebul na GB/T3956-2008, kuma ya kamata a ƙayyade yankin giciye na musamman bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Ana iya amfani da kariyar wayar jan ƙarfe a kan murfin ciki na kebul na tsakiya uku ko kai tsaye a kan rufin, ko kuma murfin waje na semi-conductive, ko kuma murfin ciki mai dacewa na kebul na tsakiya ɗaya. Matsakaicin gibin da ke tsakanin wayoyin jan ƙarfe da ke kusa bai kamata ya wuce mm 4 ba. Ana ƙididdige matsakaicin gibin G ta amfani da dabarar:
inda:
D - diamita na tsakiyar kebul a ƙarƙashin kariyar wayar tagulla, a cikin mm;
d - diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe, a cikin mm;
n - adadin wayoyi na tagulla.
2. Matsayin Kariyar Layers da Alaƙarsu da Matakan Wutar Lantarki
(1) Matsayin Kariyar Ciki da Waje ta Semi-Gudanarwa
Gabaɗaya ana matse masu sarrafa kebul daga wayoyi da yawa da suka makale. A lokacin fitar da iska, gibin, burrs, da sauran rashin daidaituwar saman na iya kasancewa tsakanin saman mai sarrafa da layin mai hana ruwa shiga, wanda ke haifar da yawan filin lantarki, wanda ke haifar da fitar da gibin iska a gida da fitar da bishiyoyi, da kuma rage aikin dielectric. Ta hanyar fitar da wani Layer na kayan mai hana ruwa shiga (kariyar mai sarrafa iska) a saman mai sarrafa iska, yana tabbatar da kusanci da rufin. Saboda Layer mai hana ruwa shiga da mai sarrafa iska suna da irin wannan damar, koda kuwa akwai gibin da ke tsakaninsu, ba za a sami aikin filin lantarki ba, wanda hakan ke hana fitar da wasu sassan.
Hakazalika, akwai gibi tsakanin saman rufin waje da murfin ƙarfe (ko kariyar ƙarfe), kuma mafi girman matakin ƙarfin lantarki, mafi yuwuwar fitar da gibin iska zai faru. Ta hanyar fitar da wani Layer mai sarrafa iska (kariyar rufi) a saman rufin waje, ana samar da saman kayan aiki na waje tare da murfin ƙarfe, yana kawar da filayen lantarki a cikin gibin kuma yana hana fitar da wasu ɓangarorin.
(2) Matsayin Kariyar Karfe
Ayyukan kariyar ƙarfe sun haɗa da: ɗaukar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, yin aiki a matsayin hanya don wutar lantarki mai gajeren zango yayin kurakurai; tsare filin lantarki a cikin rufin (rage tsangwama na lantarki na waje) da tabbatar da filin lantarki mai radial iri ɗaya; yin aiki a matsayin layin tsaka-tsaki a cikin tsarin waya huɗu masu matakai uku don ɗaukar wutar lantarki mara daidaito; da kuma samar da kariya daga toshewar ruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-28-2025