1. Gabatarwa
Kebul na sadarwa a cikin watsa siginar sigina mai girma, masu gudanarwa za su haifar da tasirin fata, kuma tare da karuwa a cikin siginar da aka watsa, tasirin fata yana da tsanani. Abin da ake kira tasirin fata yana nufin watsa sigina tare da saman waje na mai gudanarwa na ciki da kuma saman ciki na waje na kebul na coaxial lokacin da yawan siginar da aka watsa ya kai kilohertz da yawa ko dubban dubban hertz.
Musamman yadda farashin tagulla ya tashi a duniya da kuma albarkatun tagulla a yanayi yana ƙara yin karanci, don haka yin amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe ko ƙarfe na ƙarfe na aluminum don maye gurbin na'urorin tagulla, ya zama wani muhimmin aiki ga wayar masana'antun kebul na kebul, amma kuma don haɓakawa tare da yin amfani da babban filin kasuwa.
Amma waya a cikin tagulla plating, saboda pre-jiyya, pre-plating nickel da sauran matakai, kazalika da tasiri na plating bayani, da sauki samar da wadannan matsaloli da lahani: waya blackening, pre-plating ba shi da kyau. , Babban plating Layer daga fata, yana haifar da samar da waya mai sharar gida, sharar gida, don haka farashin masana'anta ya karu. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingancin sutura. Wannan takarda ta fi tattauna ƙa'idodin tsari da hanyoyin samar da wayar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe ta ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki, da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin inganci da hanyoyin magancewa. 1 Tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe da ƙarfe da abubuwan sa
1. 1 Pre-maganin waya
Na farko, wayar tana nutsewa a cikin maganin alkaline da pickling, kuma ana amfani da wani nau'in wutan lantarki akan waya (anode) da farantin (cathode), anode yana haɓaka iskar oxygen mai yawa. Babban rawar da wadannan iskar gas su ne: daya, tashin hankali kumfa a saman karfen waya da kuma kusa da electrolyte taka wani inji agitation da tsiri sakamako, don haka inganta man fetur daga saman na karfe waya, hanzarta saponification da emulsification aiwatar. mai da mai; na biyu, saboda ƙananan kumfa da ke haɗe da mu'amala tsakanin karfe da maganin, tare da kumfa da waya ta waje, kumfa za su kasance manne da wayar karfe tare da mai mai yawa zuwa saman maganin, don haka, akan. da kumfa za su kawo mai yawa man manne da karfe waya zuwa saman da mafita, don haka inganta kawar da man fetur, kuma a lokaci guda, ba sauki samar da hydrogen embrittlement na anode, don haka mai kyau. plating za a iya samu.
1. 2 Sanya waya
Na farko, an riga an riga an yi maganin waya kuma an riga an yi shi da nickel ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin maganin plating da kuma amfani da wani nau'i na lantarki zuwa waya (cathode) da farantin karfe (anode). A anode, farantin jan karfe yana asarar electrons kuma ya samar da ions na jan karfe kyauta a cikin wankan lantarki (plating):
Ku – 2e→Cu2+
A cathode, an sake kunna wayar karfe ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana ajiye ions na jan karfe a kan waya don samar da waya ta karfe:
Ku2 + + 2e→ Ku
Cu2 ++ e→ Ku +
Ku ++e→ Ku
2H + + 2e→ H2
Lokacin da adadin acid a cikin bayani na plating bai isa ba, cuprous sulphate yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi don samar da cuprous oxide. Oxide mai ɗorewa yana makale a cikin plating Layer, yana sa shi kwance. Cu2 SO4 + H2O [Cu2O + H2 SO4
I. Mabuɗin Maɓalli
Kebul na gani na waje gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi zaruruwa maras tushe, bututu maras kyau, kayan toshe ruwa, abubuwan ƙarfafawa, da kwasfa na waje. Sun zo cikin sassa daban-daban kamar ƙirar bututu ta tsakiya, maƙarƙashiya, da tsarin kwarangwal.
Bare zaruruwan suna nufin asali na gani zaruruwan da diamita na 250 micrometers. Yawanci sun haɗa da ainihin Layer, Layer Layer, da Layer Layer. Daban-daban na danda zaruruwa suna da daban-daban core Layer girma. Misali, filayen OS2 guda ɗaya gabaɗaya micrometers ne, yayin da multimode OM2/OM3/OM4/OM5 fibers sune 50 micrometers, kuma multimode OM1 fibers sune 62.5 micrometers. Zaɓuɓɓukan da ba su da tushe galibi ana yin su ne masu launi don banbance tsakanin filaye masu yawa.
Ana yin bututun da ba su da ƙarfi daga PBT filastik mai ƙarfi kuma ana amfani da su don ɗaukar zaruruwan da ba su da tushe. Suna ba da kariya kuma an cika su da gel mai hana ruwa don hana shigar ruwa wanda zai iya lalata zaruruwa. Gel kuma yana aiki azaman mai ɗaukar hoto don hana lalacewar fiber daga tasiri. Tsarin masana'anta na bututu maras kyau yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsayin fiber na wuce gona da iri.
Abubuwan toshe ruwa sun haɗa da maiko mai toshe ruwa na USB, zaren toshe ruwa, ko foda mai toshe ruwa. Don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin toshe ruwa gabaɗayan kebul ɗin, hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce amfani da mai mai hana ruwa.
Abubuwan ƙarfafawa suna zuwa cikin nau'ikan ƙarfe da marasa ƙarfe. Yawancin ƙarfe ana yin su da wayoyi na ƙarfe na phosphated, kaset na aluminum, ko kaset ɗin ƙarfe. Abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba ana yin su ne da kayan FRP. Ko da kuwa kayan da aka yi amfani da su, waɗannan abubuwa dole ne su samar da ƙarfin injiniya mai mahimmanci don saduwa da daidaitattun buƙatun, ciki har da juriya ga tashin hankali, lankwasawa, tasiri, da karkatarwa.
Sheaths na waje yakamata suyi la'akari da yanayin amfani, gami da hana ruwa, juriya UV, da juriya na yanayi. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da kayan PE baki da yawa, kamar yadda kyawawan abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai suna tabbatar da dacewa don shigarwa na waje.
2 Abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin inganci a cikin aikin platin jan karfe da mafitarsu
2. 1 Tasirin pre-jiyya na waya a kan plating Layer Pre-jiyya na waya yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen samar da karfen karfe da aka yi da karfe ta hanyar lantarki. Idan fim ɗin mai da oxide ɗin da ke saman wayar ba a kawar da shi gaba ɗaya ba, to, Layer ɗin nickel ɗin da aka riga aka yi masa ba a yi shi da kyau ba kuma haɗin gwiwa ba shi da kyau, wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da babban platin jan karfe ya faɗi. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a sanya ido kan yawan abubuwan da ke cikin alkaline da pickling waters, pickling da alkaline current da kuma ko fanfuna na al'ada ne, kuma idan ba haka ba, dole ne a gyara su cikin gaggawa. Matsalolin inganci na gama gari a cikin riga-kafin jiyya na wayar karfe da mafita an nuna su a cikin Tebura
2. 2 Tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na pre-nickel bayani kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin riga-kafi kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a mataki na gaba na plating na jan karfe. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don yin nazari akai-akai da daidaita yanayin abun da ke ciki na maganin nickel da aka riga aka rigaya da shi kuma don tabbatar da cewa maganin nickel da aka rigaya ya kasance mai tsabta kuma ba gurbata ba.
2.3 Tasirin babban bayani akan plating Layer Maganin plating ya ƙunshi jan karfe sulphate da sulfuric acid a matsayin abubuwa biyu, abun da ke ciki na rabo kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin plating Layer. Idan maida hankali na jan karfe sulfate ya yi yawa, lu'ulu'u na sulfate na jan karfe za su yi hazo; idan taro na jan karfe sulfate ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, wayar za ta kasance cikin sauƙi da ƙonewa kuma tasirin plating zai yi tasiri. Sulfuric acid na iya inganta haɓakar wutar lantarki da ingancin halin yanzu na maganin electroplating, rage yawan ions jan ƙarfe a cikin maganin electroplating (irin wannan sakamako na ion), don haka inganta haɓakar cathodic da watsawar maganin electroplating, don haka ƙimar halin yanzu. iyaka yana ƙaruwa, da kuma hana hydrolysis na cuprous sulphate a cikin electroplating bayani a cikin cuprous oxide da hazo, ƙara da kwanciyar hankali na plating bayani, amma kuma rage anodic polarisation, wanda shi ne conducive zuwa al'ada rushe na anode. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa babban abun ciki na sulfuric acid zai rage solubility na jan karfe sulfate. Lokacin da abun ciki na sulfuric acid a cikin bayani na plating bai isa ba, jan karfe sulphate yana da sauƙi a sanya shi cikin ruwa mai ɗorewa a cikin sulfur oxide kuma an kama shi a cikin plating Layer, launi na Layer ya zama duhu da sako-sako; lokacin da yawan adadin sulfuric acid ya kasance a cikin maganin plating kuma abun ciki na gishiri na jan karfe bai isa ba, za a fitar da hydrogen a wani bangare a cikin cathode, ta yadda fuskar plating din ta bayyana tabo. Phosphorus jan karfe farantin karfe abun ciki na phosphorus shima yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ingancin sutura, abun ciki na phosphorus yakamata a sarrafa shi a cikin kewayon 0. 04% zuwa 0. 07%, idan ƙasa da 0. 02%, yana da wahala a samar da shi. fim don hana samar da ions na jan karfe, don haka ƙara foda na jan karfe a cikin maganin plating; idan abun ciki na phosphorus fiye da 0. 1%, zai shafi rushewar anode na jan karfe, don haka abun ciki na ions bivalent jan karfe a cikin maganin plating ya ragu, kuma ya haifar da laka mai yawa. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a kurkure farantin tagulla akai-akai don hana sludge na anode daga gurɓata maganin plating da haifar da roughness da burrs a cikin plating Layer.
3 Kammalawa
Ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, mannewa da ci gaba da samfurin suna da kyau, inganci yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau. To sai dai kuma a zahirin yadda ake samar da shi, akwai abubuwa da dama da suka shafi ingancin daftarin da ake yi a aikin, da zarar an gano matsalar, sai a yi nazari da nazari kan lokaci sannan a dauki matakan da suka dace don magance ta.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-14-2022