Rarraba matsin lamba a filin lantarki a cikin kebul na AC iri ɗaya ne, kuma abin da kayan kariya na kebul ke mayar da hankali a kai yana kan ma'aunin dielectric, wanda zafin jiki ba ya shafar shi. Sabanin haka, rarraba damuwa a cikin kebul na DC ya fi girma a cikin Layer na ciki na kariya kuma juriyar kayan kariya yana shafar shi. Kayan kariya suna nuna ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau, ma'ana yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, juriya yana raguwa.
Lokacin da kebul ke aiki, asarar da ke cikin zuciyar na'urar tana haifar da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin juriyar kayan rufi. Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da bambancin matsin lamba a cikin filin lantarki a cikin layin rufi. A wata ma'anar, don irin wannan kauri na rufi, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na rushewa yana raguwa yayin da zafin ya tashi. Ga layukan akwati na DC a cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki da aka rarraba, yawan tsufa na kayan rufi yana da sauri sosai saboda canjin yanayin zafi na yanayi idan aka kwatanta da kebul ɗin da aka binne, wanda muhimmin abu ne da za a lura da shi.
A lokacin samar da yadudduka na rufin kebul, ba makawa ana shigar da datti. Waɗannan dattin suna da ƙarancin juriyar rufi kuma suna rarrabawa ba daidai ba tare da daidaita su ba tare da daidaita su ba tare da daidaita su a gefen radial na layin rufi. Wannan yana haifar da bambancin juriyar girma a wurare daban-daban. A ƙarƙashin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, filin lantarki a cikin layin rufi shi ma zai bambanta, wanda ke sa yankunan da ke da ƙarancin juriyar girma su tsufa da sauri kuma su zama wuraren da za su iya lalacewa.
Kebul ɗin AC ba sa nuna wannan abin mamaki. A taƙaice, matsin lamba akan kayan kebul na AC yana rarrabawa daidai gwargwado, yayin da a cikin kebul na DC, matsin lamba na rufi koyaushe yana ta'azzara ne a wuraren da suka fi rauni. Saboda haka, ya kamata a sarrafa hanyoyin kera da ƙa'idodin kebul na AC da DC daban-daban.
Polyethylene mai haɗin giciye (XLPE)Ana amfani da kebul mai rufi sosai a aikace-aikacen AC saboda kyawawan halayensu na dielectric da na zahiri, da kuma yawan aikinsu na aiki mai yawa. Duk da haka, idan aka yi amfani da su azaman kebul na DC, suna fuskantar babban ƙalubale da ya shafi cajin sarari, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin kebul na DC mai ƙarfin lantarki. Lokacin da ake amfani da polymers azaman rufin kebul na DC, adadi mai yawa na tarko na gida a cikin layin rufin yana haifar da tara cajin sarari. Tasirin cajin sarari akan kayan rufi galibi yana bayyana ne ta fannoni biyu: karkatar filin lantarki da tasirin karkatar filin da ba na lantarki ba, waɗanda duka suna da matuƙar illa ga kayan rufi.
Cajin sarari yana nufin cajin da ya wuce kima fiye da tsaka tsaki na lantarki a cikin sashin tsari na kayan macroscopic. A cikin daskararru, cajin sarari mai kyau ko mara kyau suna daurewa da matakan kuzari na gida, suna samar da tasirin polarization a cikin nau'in polarons da aka ɗaure. Polarization na cajin sarari yana faruwa ne lokacin da ions kyauta ke cikin kayan dielectric. Saboda motsin ions, ions masu korau suna taruwa a mahaɗin kusa da electrode mai kyau, kuma ions masu kyau suna taruwa a mahaɗin kusa da electrode mara kyau. A cikin filin lantarki na AC, ƙaura na caji mai kyau da mara kyau ba zai iya ci gaba da canje-canje masu sauri a cikin filin lantarki na mitar wutar lantarki ba, don haka tasirin cajin sarari ba ya faruwa. A cikin filin lantarki na DC, duk da haka, filin lantarki yana rarrabawa bisa ga juriya, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cajin sarari kuma yana shafar rarraba filin lantarki. Rufin XLPE ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na yanayin gida, yana sa tasirin cajin sarari ya zama mai tsanani musamman.
Rufin XLPE yana da alaƙa ta hanyar sinadarai, yana samar da tsarin haɗin giciye mai haɗin kai. A matsayinsa na polymer mara polar, ana iya kwatanta kebul ɗin da babban capacitor. Lokacin da watsawar DC ta tsaya, daidai yake da caji capacitor. Kodayake an yi amfani da tushen conductor, fitarwa mai inganci ba ta faruwa, yana barin adadi mai yawa na makamashin DC da aka adana a cikin kebul azaman cajin sarari. Ba kamar kebul na wutar AC ba, inda ake watsa cajin sarari ta hanyar asarar dielectric, waɗannan cajin suna taruwa a cikin lahani a cikin kebul.
A tsawon lokaci, tare da katsewar wutar lantarki akai-akai ko canzawa a ƙarfin halin yanzu, kebul ɗin XLPE mai rufi yana tara ƙarin cajin sarari, yana hanzarta tsufa na layin rufi kuma yana rage tsawon rayuwar kebul ɗin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-10-2025