1 Gabatarwa
Domin tabbatar da rufe igiyoyin fiber optic na tsawon lokaci da kuma hana ruwa da danshi shiga cikin kebul ko akwatin mahaɗi da kuma lalata ƙarfe da zare, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar hydrogen, karyewar zare da kuma raguwar aikin rufin lantarki, ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don hana ruwa da danshi:
1) Cika cikin kebul ɗin da man shafawa na thixotropic, gami da nau'in mai hana ruwa (hydrophobic), nau'in kumburin ruwa da nau'in faɗaɗa zafi da sauransu. Wannan nau'in kayan abu ne mai mai, yana cike adadi mai yawa, yana da tsada sosai, yana da sauƙin gurɓata muhalli, yana da wahalar tsaftacewa (musamman ma a haɗa kebul ɗin da sinadarin da ke narkewa don tsaftacewa), kuma nauyin kebul ɗin yana da nauyi sosai.
2) A cikin murfin ciki da na waje tsakanin amfani da zoben shingen ruwa mai narkewa mai zafi, wannan hanyar ba ta da inganci, tsari mai rikitarwa, masana'antun kaɗan ne kawai za su iya cimmawa. 3) Amfani da busasshen faɗaɗa kayan toshe ruwa (foda mai ɗaukar ruwa, tef ɗin toshe ruwa, da sauransu). Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar fasaha mai yawa, amfani da kayan aiki, farashi mai yawa, nauyin kebul ɗin ma yana da nauyi sosai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an shigar da tsarin "busasshen tsakiya" cikin kebul na gani, kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a ƙasashen waje, musamman wajen magance matsalar babban nauyin kai da rikitarwa na babban adadin kebul na gani yana da fa'idodi marasa misaltuwa. Kayan toshe ruwa da ake amfani da shi a cikin wannan kebul na "busasshen tsakiya" shine zaren toshe ruwa. Zaren toshe ruwa zai iya sha ruwa da sauri ya kumbura don samar da gel, yana toshe sararin tashar ruwan kebul, don haka cimma manufar toshe ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, zaren toshe ruwa ba ya ɗauke da abubuwa masu mai kuma lokacin da ake buƙata don shirya haɗin za a iya rage shi sosai ba tare da buƙatar gogewa, abubuwan narkewa da masu tsaftacewa ba. Domin samun tsari mai sauƙi, gini mai sauƙi, ingantaccen aiki da kayan toshe ruwa masu araha, mun ƙirƙiro wani sabon nau'in zaren da ke toshe ruwa mai toshe ruwa mai toshe ruwa mai toshe ruwa.
2 Ka'idar toshe ruwa da halayen zaren toshe ruwa
Aikin toshe ruwa na zaren da ke toshe ruwa shine amfani da babban jikin zaren da ke toshe ruwa don samar da babban adadin gel (shanye ruwa na iya kaiwa sau da yawa girmansa, kamar a cikin minti na farko na ruwa za a iya faɗaɗa shi da sauri daga kusan 0.5mm zuwa kusan diamita 5.0mm), kuma ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na gel ɗin yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana iya hana ci gaban bishiyar ruwa yadda ya kamata, don haka hana ruwa ci gaba da shiga da yaɗuwa, don cimma manufar juriyar ruwa. Kamar yadda kebul na fiber optic dole ne ya jure wa yanayi daban-daban na muhalli yayin ƙera, gwaji, jigilar kaya, ajiya da amfani, dole ne zaren da ke toshe ruwa ya kasance yana da halaye masu zuwa don amfani da shi a cikin kebul na fiber optic:
1) Tsaftataccen tsari, kauri iri ɗaya da laushi mai laushi;
2) Ƙarfin injina don biyan buƙatun matsin lamba yayin ƙirƙirar kebul;
3) kumburi mai sauri, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na sinadarai da ƙarfi mai yawa don sha ruwa da samuwar gel;
4) Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, babu wani abu mai lalata, mai juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta;
5) Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, juriya ga yanayi mai kyau, wanda za'a iya daidaitawa da sarrafawa da samarwa daban-daban da kuma yanayin amfani daban-daban;
6) Kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran kayan kebul na fiber optic.
3 Zaren da ba ya jure ruwa wajen amfani da kebul na fiber na gani
3.1 Amfani da zare masu jure ruwa a cikin kebul na fiber na gani
Masana'antun kebul na fiber optic za su iya ɗaukar nau'ikan kebul daban-daban a cikin tsarin samarwa don biyan buƙatun masu amfani bisa ga ainihin yanayinsu da buƙatun masu amfani:
1) Rufin waje mai toshe ruwa na dogon lokaci tare da zaren da ke toshe ruwa
A cikin kayan sulke na tef ɗin ƙarfe mai lankwasa, dole ne murfin waje ya zama mai hana ruwa shiga kebul ko akwatin mahaɗin. Domin cimma shingen ruwa na tsayi na murfin waje, ana amfani da zare biyu na shingen ruwa, ɗaya daga cikinsu an sanya shi a layi ɗaya da tsakiyar kebul na ciki, ɗayan kuma an naɗe shi a kusa da tsakiyar kebul a wani takamaiman matakin (8 zuwa 15 cm), an rufe shi da tef ɗin ƙarfe mai lankwasa da PE (polyethylene), don haka zaren shingen ruwa ya raba gibin da ke tsakanin tsakiyar kebul da tef ɗin ƙarfe zuwa ƙaramin ɗaki mai rufewa. Zaren shingen ruwa zai kumbura kuma ya samar da gel cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yana hana ruwan shiga kebul kuma yana iyakance ruwan zuwa ƙananan sassa kusa da wurin da aka yi kuskure, don haka cimma manufar shingen ruwa na tsayi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1.
Hoto na 1: Amfani da zaren toshe ruwa a cikin kebul na gani na yau da kullun
2) Tsarin toshewar ruwa na tsawon lokaci na tsakiyar kebul tare da zaren da ke toshe ruwaAna iya amfani da shi a cikin tsakiyar kebul na sassa biyu na zaren da ke toshe ruwa, ɗaya yana cikin tsakiyar kebul na wayar ƙarfe da aka ƙarfafa, ta amfani da zaren da ke toshe ruwa guda biyu, yawanci zaren da ke toshe ruwa da wayar ƙarfe da aka ƙarfafa an sanya su a layi ɗaya, wani zaren da ke toshe ruwa zuwa babban rami da aka naɗe a kusa da wayar, akwai kuma zaren da ke toshe ruwa guda biyu da wayar ƙarfe da aka ƙarfafa an sanya su a layi ɗaya, amfani da zaren da ke toshe ruwa mai ƙarfi don toshe ruwa; na biyu yana cikin saman akwati mai laushi, kafin a matse murfin ciki, ana amfani da zaren da ke toshe ruwa azaman zaren da aka ɗaure, zaren da ke toshe ruwa guda biyu zuwa ƙaramin rami (1 ~ 2cm) a akasin haka, yana ƙirƙirar ƙaramin kwandon toshewa mai yawa, don hana shigar ruwa, wanda aka yi da tsarin "bushewar kebul".
3.2 Zaɓin zare masu jure ruwa
Domin samun kyakkyawan juriyar ruwa da kuma ingantaccen aikin sarrafa injina a cikin tsarin kera kebul na fiber optic, ya kamata a lura da waɗannan fannoni yayin zaɓar zaren juriyar ruwa:
1) Kauri na zaren da ke toshe ruwa
Domin tabbatar da cewa faɗaɗa zaren da ke toshe ruwa zai iya cike gibin da ke cikin sashin haɗin kebul ɗin, zaɓin kauri na zaren da ke toshe ruwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, ba shakka, wannan yana da alaƙa da girman tsarin kebul ɗin da kuma yawan faɗaɗa zaren da ke toshe ruwa. A cikin tsarin kebul ɗin, ya kamata a rage wanzuwar gibin, kamar amfani da babban saurin faɗaɗa zaren da ke toshe ruwa, to za a iya rage diamita na zaren da ke toshe ruwa zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta, don ku sami ingantaccen aikin toshe ruwa, amma kuma don adana farashi.
2) Yawan kumburi da ƙarfin gel na zaren da ke toshe ruwa
Ana gudanar da gwajin shigar ruwa na IEC794-1-F5B a kan cikakken sashin kebul na fiber optic. An ƙara ginshiƙin ruwa na mita 1 a cikin samfurin kebul na fiber optic na mita 3, awanni 24 ba tare da ɓuya ba an cancanta. Idan ƙimar kumburin zaren da ke toshe ruwa bai yi daidai da ƙimar shigar ruwa ba, yana yiwuwa ruwan ya ratsa cikin samfurin cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan bayan fara gwajin kuma zaren da ke toshe ruwa bai yi cikakken kumbura ba tukuna, kodayake bayan wani lokaci zaren da ke toshe ruwa zai kumbura gaba ɗaya ya toshe ruwan, amma wannan kuma gazawa ne. Idan ƙimar faɗaɗawa ta fi sauri kuma ƙarfin gel bai isa ba, bai isa ya tsayayya da matsin lamba da ginshiƙin ruwa na mita 1 ke haifarwa ba, kuma toshewar ruwa shi ma zai gaza.
3) Taushin zaren da ke toshe ruwa
Ganin cewa laushin zaren da ke toshe ruwa a kan kayan aikin kebul, musamman matsin lamba na gefe, juriyar tasiri, da sauransu, tasirin ya fi bayyana, don haka ya kamata a yi ƙoƙarin amfani da zaren da ke toshe ruwa mai laushi.
4) Ƙarfin tauri, tsayi da tsawon zaren da ke toshe ruwa
A cikin samar da kowace tsawon tiren kebul, ya kamata zaren da ke toshe ruwa ya kasance mai ci gaba kuma ba tare da katsewa ba, wanda ke buƙatar zaren da ke toshe ruwa dole ne ya sami wani ƙarfi da tsayi, don tabbatar da cewa ba a ja zaren da ke toshe ruwa ba yayin aikin samarwa, kebul ɗin idan aka miƙe, lanƙwasa, ko murɗe zaren da ke toshe ruwa bai lalace ba. Tsawon zaren da ke toshe ruwa ya dogara ne kawai da tsawon tiren kebul, domin rage yawan sau da ake canza zaren a ci gaba da samarwa, tsawon tsawon zaren da ke toshe ruwa ya fi kyau.
5) Ya kamata sinadarin acid da alkaline na zaren da ke toshe ruwa su kasance tsaka-tsaki, in ba haka ba zaren da ke toshe ruwa zai yi aiki da kayan kebul sannan ya haifar da sinadarin hydrogen.
6) Kwanciyar hankali na zaren da ke toshe ruwa
Tebur na 2: Kwatanta tsarin toshe ruwa na zaren da ke toshe ruwa da sauran kayan toshe ruwa
| Kwatanta abubuwa | Cika jelly | Zoben dakatarwar ruwan zafi mai narkewa | Tef ɗin toshe ruwa | Zaren toshe ruwa |
| Juriyar Ruwa | Mai kyau | Mai kyau | Mai kyau | Mai kyau |
| Tsarin sarrafawa | Mai Sauƙi | Mai rikitarwa | Mafi rikitarwa | Mai Sauƙi |
| Kayayyakin injina | Wanda ya cancanta | Wanda ya cancanta | Wanda ya cancanta | Wanda ya cancanta |
| Aminci na dogon lokaci | Mai kyau | Mai kyau | Mai kyau | Mai kyau |
| Ƙarfin haɗa siffa | Adalci | Mai kyau | Adalci | Mai kyau |
| Haɗarin haɗi | Ee | No | No | No |
| Tasirin iskar oxygen | Ee | No | No | No |
| Maganin narkewa | Ee | No | No | No |
| Tsawon kebul na fiber optic a kowane raka'a yana daidai da nauyin kowane raka'a | Mai nauyi | Haske | Nauyi | Haske |
| Guduwar kayan da ba a so | Mai Yiwuwa | No | No | No |
| Tsafta a samarwa | Talaka | Mafi talauci | Mai kyau | Mai kyau |
| Gudanar da kayan aiki | Gangan ƙarfe masu nauyi | Mai Sauƙi | Mai Sauƙi | Mai Sauƙi |
| Zuba jari a kayan aiki | Babba | Babba | Mafi girma | Ƙarami |
| Kudin kayan aiki | Mafi girma | Ƙasa | Mafi girma | Ƙasa |
| Kudin samarwa | Mafi girma | Mafi girma | Mafi girma | Ƙasa |
Ana auna kwanciyar hankali na zaren da ke toshe ruwa ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci. Ana ɗaukar kwanciyar hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin ƙaruwar zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci (zafin aikin cirewa har zuwa 220 ~ 240 ° C) akan sifofin shingen ruwa na zaren shingen ruwa da sifofin injiniya na tasirin; kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da tsufan ƙimar faɗaɗa zaren shingen ruwa, ƙimar faɗaɗawa, ƙarfin gel da kwanciyar hankali, ƙarfin tauri da tsawaita tasirin, zaren shingen ruwa dole ne ya kasance a cikin rayuwar kebul ɗin (shekaru 20 ~ 30) juriyar ruwa ne. Kamar mai toshe ruwa da tef ɗin toshe ruwa, ƙarfin gel da kwanciyar hankali na zaren da ke toshe ruwa muhimmin siffa ne. Zaren da ke toshe ruwa mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na iya kiyaye kyawawan halayen toshe ruwa na dogon lokaci. Akasin haka, bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙasar Jamus masu dacewa, wasu kayan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin hydrolysis, gel ɗin zai ruɓe ya zama kayan aiki mai ƙarancin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ba zai cimma manufar juriyar ruwa na dogon lokaci ba.
3.3 Amfani da zaren da ke toshe ruwa
Zaren da ke toshe ruwa a matsayin kyakkyawan kayan toshe ruwa na kebul na gani, yana maye gurbin man shafawa, zoben toshe ruwa mai zafi da tef ɗin toshe ruwa, da sauransu. Ana amfani da su da yawa wajen samar da kebul na gani, Tebur na 2 akan wasu halaye na waɗannan kayan toshe ruwa don kwatantawa.
Kammalawa 4
A taƙaice, zaren da ke toshe ruwa abu ne mai kyau na toshe ruwa wanda ya dace da kebul na gani, yana da halaye na sauƙin gini, ingantaccen aiki, ingantaccen samarwa, mai sauƙin amfani; kuma amfani da kayan da ke cike kebul na gani yana da fa'idodi na nauyi mai sauƙi, ingantaccen aiki da ƙarancin farashi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-16-2022