Tsarin Rufe Waya da Kebul: Jagora Mai Cikakken Bayani Kan Dabaru da Fasaha

Wayoyi da kebul, waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin manyan masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki da sadarwa ta bayanai, suna da aiki wanda ya dogara kai tsaye akan hanyoyin rufewa da rufe murfin. Tare da bambance-bambancen buƙatun masana'antu na zamani don aikin kebul, manyan ayyuka guda huɗu - extrusion, naɗewa a tsaye, naɗewa mai helical, da kuma rufewar dip - suna nuna fa'idodi na musamman a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Wannan labarin ya zurfafa cikin zaɓin kayan aiki, kwararar tsari, da yanayin aikace-aikacen kowane tsari, yana ba da tushen ka'ida don ƙira da zaɓi na kebul.

1 Tsarin Fitarwa

1.1 Tsarin Kayan Aiki

Tsarin extrusion galibi yana amfani da kayan polymer na thermoplastic ko thermosetting:

① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Mai rahusa, sauƙin sarrafawa, ya dace da kebul na gargajiya mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki (misali, kebul na yau da kullun na UL 1061), amma tare da ƙarancin juriya ga zafi (zafin amfani na dogon lokaci ≤70°C).
②Polyethylene mai alaƙa da juna (XLPE): Ta hanyar haɗin peroxide ko radiation, ƙimar zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa zuwa 90°C (ma'aunin IEC 60502), wanda ake amfani da shi don kebul na wutar lantarki mai matsakaici da babban ƙarfin lantarki.
③ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Juriyar abrasion ta dace da ISO 4649 Standard Grade A, wanda ake amfani da shi don kebul na sarkar jan robot.
④ Fluoroplastics (misali, FEP): Juriya mai zafi (200°C) da juriyar lalata sinadarai, wanda ya cika buƙatun kebul na sararin samaniya na MIL-W-22759.

1.2 Halayen Tsarin Aiki

Yana amfani da na'urar fitar da sukurori don cimma ci gaba da rufewa:

① Kula da Zafin Jiki: XLPE yana buƙatar sarrafa zafin jiki mai matakai uku (yankin ciyarwa 120°C → yankin matsi 150°C → yankin homogenizing 180°C).
② Kula da Kauri: Dole ne daidaito ya kasance ≤5% (kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin GB/T 2951.11).
③ Hanyar Sanyaya: Sanyaya mai sauƙi a cikin kwano na ruwa don hana fashewar damuwa ta crystallization.

1.3 Yanayin Aikace-aikace

① Wayar Wutar Lantarki: Kebul ɗin XLPE mai rufi 35 kV da ƙasa da shi (GB/T 12706).
② Wayoyin Mota: Rufin PVC mai kauri (kauri na ISO 6722 na 0.13 mm).
③ Kebul na Musamman: Kebul na coaxial mai rufi na PTFE (ASTM D3307).

Tsarin Naɗewa Mai Dogon Lokaci 2

2.1 Zaɓin Kayan Aiki

① Ƙarfe: 0.15 mmtef ɗin ƙarfe na galvanized(Bukatun GB/T 2952), tef ɗin aluminum mai rufi da filastik (Tsarin Al/PET/Al).
② Kayan da ke toshe ruwa: Tef ɗin da ke toshe ruwa mai laushi mai laushi (ƙimar kumburi ≥500%).
③ Kayan Walda: Wayar walda ta aluminum ER5356 don walda ta argon arc (misali AWS A5.10).

2.2 Manyan Fasaha

Tsarin naɗewa na tsawon lokaci ya ƙunshi manyan matakai uku:

① Tsarin Zane: Lankwasa layukan lebur zuwa siffar U → siffar O ta hanyar birgima matakai da yawa.
② Walda Mai Ci Gaba: Walda Mai Yawan Induction (mita 400 kHz, saurin 20 m/min).
③ Dubawa ta Intanet: Mai gwajin walƙiya (ƙarfin gwaji 9 kV/mm).

2.3 Aikace-aikacen da Aka Saba Amfani da su

① Kebul ɗin Jirgin Ruwa: Naɗewa mai tsawon zango na ƙarfe mai layuka biyu (IEC 60840 ƙarfin injina na yau da kullun ≥400 N/mm²).
② Kebul ɗin Haƙar Ma'adinai: Murfin aluminum mai laushi (MT 818.14 ƙarfin matsi ≥20 MPa).
③ Kebul na Sadarwa: Kariyar naɗewa ta Aluminum-roba mai haɗin gwiwa (rashin watsawa ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).

Tsarin Naɗewa na Helical 3

3.1 Haɗin Kayan Aiki

① Tef ɗin Mica: Yawan Muscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), zafin juriya ga wuta 1000°C/90 min.
② Tef ɗin Semiconducting: Baƙin Carbon 30% ~ 40% (juriya ta girma 10²~ 10³ Ω·cm).
③ Tef ɗin Haɗaɗɗen: Fim ɗin Polyester + yadi mara saka (kauri 0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).

3.2 Sigogi na Tsarin Aiki

① Kusurwar Naɗewa: 25°～55° (ƙaramin kusurwa yana ba da juriya mai kyau ga lanƙwasawa).
② Rabon Haɗawa: 50% ~ 70% (kebulan da ke jure wa wuta suna buƙatar haɗaɗɗen kashi 100%).
③ Kula da Tashin Hankali: 0.5~2 N/mm² (sarrafawa ta hanyar rufe madauki na motar servo).

3.3 Aikace-aikace Masu Ƙirƙira

① Kebul ɗin Wutar Lantarki na Nukiliya: Naɗe tef ɗin mica mai layuka uku (an tabbatar da gwajin LOCA na IEEE 383).
② Kebulan Superconducting: Naɗe tef ɗin da ke toshe ruwa daga tsakiya (muhimmin ƙimar riƙe wutar lantarki ≥98%).
③ Kebul mai yawan mita: Naɗe fim ɗin PTFE (dielectric constant 2.1 @1MHz).

Tsarin Shafawa 4

4.1 Tsarin Shafi

① Rufin Kwalta: Shigarwa 60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Tsarin sassa biyu (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), mannewa ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Rufin Nano: SiO₂ an gyara shi da resin epoxy (gwajin fesa gishiri sama da awanni 1000).

4.2 Inganta Tsarin Aiki

① Shigar da injin tsotsar ruwa: Matsi 0.08 MPa an kiyaye shi na tsawon minti 30 (yawan cika ramukan ya fi 95%).
② Maganin UV: Tsawon zango 365 nm, ƙarfi 800 mJ/cm².
③ Busar da Gradient: 40°C × 2 hours → 80°C × 4 hours → 120°C × 1 hours.

4.3 Aikace-aikace na Musamman

① Masu Gudanar da Sama: Rufin hana lalata da aka gyara ta hanyar graphene (yawan ajiyar gishiri ya ragu da kashi 70%).
② Kebul ɗin Jirgin Ruwa: Rufin polyurea mai warkar da kansa (lokacin warkar da tsagewa ƙasa da awanni 24).
③ Kebul ɗin da aka binne: Rufin da ke amfani da semiconductors (juriyar ƙasa ≤5 Ω·km).

5 Kammalawa

Tare da haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki da kayan aiki masu wayo, hanyoyin rufewa suna ci gaba zuwa ga haɗakarwa da dijital. Misali, haɗakar fasahar naɗewa mai tsayi da extrusion yana ba da damar haɗakar samar da murfin haɗin gwiwa mai layuka uku + aluminum, da kuma kebul na sadarwa na 5G suna amfani da nano-coating + wrapping composite insulation. Kirkirar tsari na gaba yana buƙatar nemo mafi kyawun daidaito tsakanin sarrafa farashi da haɓaka aiki, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban masana'antar kebul mai inganci.